Exposure to naturally occurring and man-made radionuclides can occur through drinking water or via inhalation or dermal pathways while showering or during other contact with the water. R adioactivity surrounds us; each day we are exposed to a certain amount by virtue of being alive on planet Earth. Some of this exposure comes from radioactive substances (radionuclides) that occur naturally in a...

The influence of direct current (DC) stimulation on radioactive calcium trafficking in sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, spinal cord, and synaptosomes was investigated. The exposure to DC enhanced calcium redistribution in all of these preparations. The effect was dependent on the strength of the stimulation and extended beyond the phase of exposure to DC. The DC-induced increase in calcium s...

Human beings are at risk of the exposure of radiation or radioactive materials since the World War II. Nuclear proliferation and terrorist activities has further strengthened the threats of the exposure of ionizing radiation (IR) to military, civilian, and emergency responders. IR possesses sufficient energy to strip electrons from atoms or molecules and thereby create highly reactive ions. IR ...

A high rate of aerobic glycolysis was catalyzed by rat-1 cells transfected with a ras oncogene (ras cells); rat-1 cells and rat-1 cells transfected with myc oncogene (myc cells) showed a low rate of glycolysis that was increased after exposure of the cells to type B transforming growth factor (TGF-beta). The uptake of radioactive methylaminoisobutyric acid or L-methionine via system A of amino ...

Committee 4 develops principles and recommendations on radiological protection of people in all exposure situations. The committee meeting in 2014 was hosted by GE Healthcare in Arlington Heights, IL, USA on 27 July-1 August 2014. The programme of work of Committee 4 encompasses several broad areas, including a series of reports covering various aspects of existing exposure situations, leading ...

BACKGROUND A study was begun in 1965 to 1966 to determine whether children exposed to radioactive iodine from nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site from 1951 through 1962 were at higher risk of thyroid disease. In 1993, we reported that among those examined in 1985 to 1986 (Phase II) there was an association between radiation from the Nevada Test Site and thyroid neoplasms. METHODS ...

The Chernobyl disaster on April 26th, 1986, led to the emission of radioactive substances such as iodine-131 and radioactive cesium. As the Soviet Union did not control food distribution and intake, residents were exposed to high levels of internal radiation, leading to the internal radiation exposure of the thyroid gland by iodine-131. As a result, the number of people who had thyroid cancer i...

The ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) is a widely used method for the detection and quantification of specific mRNA transcripts in a complex mixture of total RNA or mRNA molecules. While exhibiting many advantages over other RNA detection methods, RPAs are traditionally performed using radiolabeled probes that often require gel purification steps and lengthy exposure times to visualize result...

We investigated levels of DNA damage in blood cells of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) inhabiting the Chernobyl region to evaluate whether chronic exposure to low-level radioactive contamination continues to induce genetic damage in free-living populations of animals. Blood samples were obtained from barn swallows collected at sites with different background levels of radiation, including a rel...

All soils and rocks contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Many ores and raw materials contain relatively high levels of natural radionuclides, and processing such materials can further increase the concentrations of natural radionuclides, sometimes referred to as 'technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material' (TENORM). Examples of NORM minerals include ur...