PROBLEM Every year numerous occupational fatalities result from pedestrians being struck by motor vehicles intruding into work zones. METHOD Attributes of retroreflective personal safety garments on pedestrian conspicuity at night were assessed in a field study. Using instrumented vehicles on a closed track, participants drove through simulated work zones attempting to detect pedestrians loca...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) bases its risk assessments, regulatory limits, and nonregulatory guidelines for population exposures to low level ionizing radiation on the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis, which assumes that the risk of cancer due to a low dose exposure is proportional to dose, with no threshold. The use of LNT for radiation protection purposes has been repea...

The development of a system capable of ensuring adequate protection of the environment from the harmful effects of ionising radiation is at present particularly debated. This need comes both from a restrictive consideration of the environment in the so far existing system for human radioprotection, and the planetary-wide growing concerns about man's technogenic influence on his environment whic...

During the last decade or so, the topic of environmental protection from ionising radiation has become a major issue within the field of radiological protection. The change of focus from a purely anthropocentric approach has led to the development and availability of bespoke methodologies for the assessment of impacts on wildlife from radioactive contaminants. The application of such assessment...

BACKGROUND Although ionizing radiation is very important in diagnostic and treatment of many diseases, the hazards of this radiation are considerable and irrefutable. One of the main stages in radiation protection is knowledge about radiation dose in radiological investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the physicians' knowledge in radiological examinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS ...

Radiation is the transmission of energy through space and matter. There are several forms of radiation, including ionizing and nonionizing. X-rays are the ionizing radiation used extensively in medical and dental practice. Even though they provide useful information and aid in diagnosis, they also have the potential to cause harmful effects. In dentistry, it is mainly used for diagnostic purpos...

The current radiation protection framework provides an adequate basis for protecting workers, the public and the environment. Nevertheless, international and national radiation protection organizations are presently engaged in updating, clarifying and enhancing radiation protection principles –and rightly so, given our culture of pursuing excellence in radiation safety through a process of cont...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has formulated recommendations concerning the philosophy of radiation protection. This philosophy has been used by the IAEA, World Health Organization (WHO), International Labour Organisation (ILO), and the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (NEA/OECD) for preparation in 1982 of the r...

On-line educational means were developed, which assist training in Radiation Protection and in Accelerator Technology Safety, in Radiotherapy Departments and Industrial Sterilization Facilities. Hypertext and multimedia courseware are gaining importance in University and Professional Education, and may partially release the teaching staff, and offer them more time to concentrate on more substan...

The paper addresses the international policies and strategies for the remediation of land contaminated by radioactive material residue, its main aim being to describe the misunderstandings, evolution and status of the international paradigms in this area. Thus, the denotation and connotation of the 'remediation' and 'contamination' concepts are explored, including the ambiguity they produce in ...