[1] Greater understanding of variations in firn densification is needed to distinguish between dynamic and melt-driven elevation changes on the Greenland ice sheet. This is especially true in Greenland’s percolation zone, where firn density profiles are poorly documented because few ice cores are extracted in regions with surface melt. We used georadar to investigate firn density variations wit...

I consider two usages of the expression “gauge theory”. On one, a gauge theory is a theory with excess structure; on the other, a gauge theory is any theory appropriately related to classical electromagnetism. I make precise one sense in which one formulation of electromagnetism, the paradigmatic gauge theory on both usages, may be understood to have excess structure, and then argue that gauge ...

There have been numerous papers over the past 10 years dealing with X-ray protection in the range from 500 to 2,000 kv [1 to 6]. The data from these papers differ somewhat, because the conditions of the experiments were not always the same and therefore cannot be readily correlated. Part of this has been attributed to differences in the high-voltage wave form and inherent filtration for the sev...

Continuing our previous work [6, Inverse Problems, 2012, 28, 055002] and [5, Inverse Problems, 2012, 28, 055001], we address the ill-posedness of the inverse scattering problem of electromagnetic waves due to an inhomogeneous medium by studying the Hessian of the data misfit. We derive and analyze the Hessian in both Hölder and Sobolev spaces. Using an integral equation approach based on Newton...

We studied the Ni 2p core-level spectra of NiO using cluster model calculations and X-ray photoemission spectra. The calculations were performed for a NiO6, a NiO5, and a NiO6:NiO5 cluster, which allows studying the bulk, the surface, and the non-local effects in the spectra. The photoemission spectra were taken with soft (or hard) X-rays to enhance the surface (or bulk) contribution. The calcu...

The effect of thermal radiation within a porous medium while incorporating local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) is investigated in this work, with specific application to solar air receivers. It is shown that the radiation effect is significant. The temperature distributions for both solid and fluid phases are affected by conduction-radiation parameter N, the ratio of solid to fluid phase conduc...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Although immunotherapy has emerged as an attractive therapy for refractory cancers, its limited efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests the need for a combination strategy that can either enhance or complement therapeutic effect. We investigated whether combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and radiation could enhance antitumor effect in a murine HCC mode...

Introduction: Radiation countermeasures are defined as use of an agent to minimize the deleterious effects of radiation therapy by administering the compound after the radiation exposure has occurred, regardless of toxicity. In spite of extensive study in this field, yet there is no suitable radioprotector introduced. In this study two naturally occurring antioxidants were stu...

introduction in this study, we aimed to calculate dose enhancement factor (def) for gold (au) and iron (fe) nanoparticles (nps) in brachytherapy and teletherapy, using monte carlo (mc) method. materials and methods in this study, a new algorithm was introduced to calculate dose enhancement by aunps and fenps for iridium-192 (ir-192) brachytherapy and cobalt-60 (co-60) teletherapy sources, using...