an experimental database is compiled in order to fingerprint the scales formed over the hot surfaces of heat exchangers, in cooling water systems or other systems with similar chemistry. to collect these data, a dynamic simulating pilot plant was designed with considerable application flexibility among which simultaneous flow of water with different velocity and heat fluxes to three simulating ...

Radiant cooling/heating (RCH) panel systems have recently received increasing attention because of their energy-efficient operation and improved comfort performance. Therefore, this study proposes a novel RCH with segmented concave surfaces. The new has the same surface area as conventional flat panel. A series laboratory tests were conducted to investigate heat transfer characteristics inside ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Current treatments of port-wine stain birthmarks typically involve use of a pulsed dye laser (PDL) combined with cooling of the skin. Currently, PDL therapy protocols result in varied success, as some patients experience complete blanching, while others do not. Over the past decade, we have studied the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as either a replacement or adjuvan...

An experimental database is compiled in order to fingerprint the scales formed over the hot surfaces of heat exchangers, in cooling water systems or other systems with similar chemistry. To collect these data, a dynamic simulating pilot plant was designed with considerable application flexibility among which simultaneous flow of water with different velocity and heat fluxes to three simulat...

In the present paper, we have presented a Maxwellian boundary-type solution for total internal reflection with unbounded incident waves at an interface between two nonabsorbing media, in which the instantaneous, time varying, and time averaged radiant fluxes have been determined at all points in the two media. Solutions for the s and p polarizations were found for which the instantaneous tangen...

In order to evaluate and improve the performance of a ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) heating system with radiant floors as terminals, an exergy analysis based on test results is performed in this study. The system is divided into four subsystems, and the exergy loss and exergy efficiency of each subsystem are calculated using the expressions derived based on exergy balance equations. The avera...

We present a three-dimensional Monte Carlo model of optical transport in skin with a novel approach to treatment of side boundaries of the volume of interest. This represents an effective way to overcome the inherent limitations of "escape" and "mirror" boundary conditions and enables high-resolution modeling of skin inclusions with complex geometries and arbitrary irradiation patterns. The opt...