during a very long period of time, civil engineers have been the only ones to be designated as the experts for underground space, while the planners and architects were the ones of the development at the surface. cities worldwide tend to overlook an invaluable asset that lies beneath their surfaces. most cities and urban regions are unaware of the benefits underground space use has to offer, bo...

todays, the world development is facing serious water quality issues. since protect of water quality and ecosystem healthy is an important aspect of ecohydrology. the present research aimed to analyze the temporal trends of water quality parameters of mashin zard river station in order to planning long term management approaches. in this research, trend of some significant factors of water qual...

introduction the review of roles and functions of local management show that rural managers have played a significant role and been responsible on the physical development of villages over the time. despite legal supports for playing a role in local management and any intervention for rural development and the physical expansion of rural settlements, such a role and its impacts on rural develop...

The increasing rate of urbanization and rate of population growth over the 20th century has led to various problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of open and green spaces that have affected the cities and their citizen's life. This condition has led to increasing demands for more land use, homes, and work places, more public transport and mass transit systems and modern in...

The area of natural forest in Iran is approximately 12.4 million hectares, comprising 7.5%  of the total area of Iran. Forest management in the country was changed to the legislature after order of the Forest Nationalization Law in 1963. With  civilization development, pressure on forests was significantly increased. In the early  20th century a system of development planning began as a series ...

medical education play an important role in health of people in 20st-century, but this system has to change overtime. medical education must respond to not only the demand of community at larg but also to changing in new technologies. medical education have been criticized in last two decades of 20st-century, because of producing too many specialists focus on treatment instead of health, insuff...