What factors determine the environmental and quality of life conditions that exist in different regions of the world? What factors can explain how these conditions evolve through time? This paper empirically examines the answers to these questions, focusing on the link between economic freedom, its impact on institutional formation, and environmental quality. Compiling a new panel data set that...

Permission is granted to quote short excerpts and to reproduce figures and tables from this report, provided that the source of such material is fully acknowledged. Permission is granted to quote short excerpts and to reproduce figures and tables from this report, provided that the source of such material is fully acknowledged. Abstract Security services become important when developing practic...

We develop a dynamic model of dealer intermediation between a monopolistic customerdealer (B2C) market and a competitive inter-dealer (B2B) market. Dealers face inventory constraints and adverse selection. We characterize the optimal quote setting and inventory management behavior for both markets in closed form and reveal how price setting in one market segment influences quote behavior in the...

Developers of multi-threaded servers face many challenges. One important challenge is selecting a suitable concurrency model. There are several concurrency models to choose from including thread-per-request, thread-pool, and threadper-session. Our last two columns discussed the thread-perrequest and thread-pool concurrency models, respectively. We showed how each could be used to develop multi-...

Developers of multi-threaded servers face many challenges. One important challenge is selecting a suitable concurrency model. There are several concurrency models to choose from including thread-per-request, thread-pool, and threadper-session. Our last two columns discussed the thread-perrequest and thread-pool concurrency models, respectively. We showed how each could be used to develop multi-...

If there are more than two words in a row that are identical to the text, you are copying, not summarizing. I would much rather see grammatically incorrect insights into the paper than a cut-and-paste “summary.” Each entry in the left-hand side in this table was an (unquoted) statement in a student summary with the exact wording given in the original paper. Without the quotes, each of these exa...

RFC 792 requires most ICMP error messages to quote the IP header and the next eight bytes of the packet to which the ICMP error message applies. The quoted packet is used by the receiver to match the ICMP message to an appropriate process. An operating system may examine the quoted source and destination IP addresses, IP protocol, and source and destination port numbers to determine the socket ...

Article history: Received 12 January 2007 Accepted 9 November 2008 Available online 24 November 2008 Based on a questionnaire surveying dealers in the Taipei inter-bank foreign exchange market that was conducted in March 2001, I attempted to answer the question of who initiated the wider currency spread. It was found that the risk-averse dealers of small banks quoted wider spreads in order to c...

In this paper we propose a tick time model for dealer quote interactions using ultra-high-frequency data. We include duration functions to measure the time dependence of volatility as well as information. In order to asses price discovery we define several measures in tick time. These measures can be aggregated to calender time and we define a comparative measure to Hasbrouck (1995) information...

This paper examines the current wood tracking information systems used in international wood trade aiming to prevent and control illegally logged timber and wood products trade. Moreover, innovative log tracking mechanisms and technologies are also described and assessed. Wood tracking can add value to the wood product, by establishing an information system aiming to recognize and locate legal ...