A practical approach for preparing 3,4-fused 2-quinolones has been disclosed. The Rh( iii )-catalyzed highly selective alkenyl C–H activation/annulation of 4-amino-2-quinolones was achieved via an unprecedented reversible alkyne insertion.

UNLABELLED Multidrug resistant leprosy, defined as resistance to rifampin, dapsone and fluoroquinolones (FQ), has been described in Mycobacterium leprae. However, the in vivo impact of fluoroquinolone resistance, mainly mediated by mutations in DNA gyrase (GyrA2GyrB2), has not been precisely assessed. Our objective was to measure the impact of a DNA gyrase mutation whose implication in fluoroqu...

Antimicrobial resistance rates for shigella, campylobacter, nontyphoidal salmonella, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were compared for Vietnam and Thailand from 1996 to 1999. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline was common. Quinolone resistance remains low in both countries, except among campylobacter and salmonella organisms in Thailan...

Quinolones are one of the largest classes of antimicrobial agents used worldwide. This review considers the quinolones that are available currently and used widely in Europe (norfoxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) within their historical perspective, while trying to position them in the context of recent and possible future advances based on an understanding of: (1...

KJ09C, a multidrug-resistant mutant of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ, was generated by in vitro selection with chloramphenicol. The multidrug-resistant phenotype of KJ09C was attributed to overexpression of a resistance nodulation division (RND)-type efflux system encoded by an operon consisting of five genes: smeU1, smeV, smeW, smeU2, and smeX. Proteins encoded by smeV, smeW, and smeX were s...

Fifty-five Aeromonas hydrophila isolates, which were colected from infected tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at aquaculture farms in Thailand, were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities against 11 drugs including ampicilin (ABPC), kanamycin (KM), streptomycin (SM), chloramphenicol (CP), florfenicol (FF), tetracycline (TC), sulfamonomethoxine (SMMX), trimethoprim (TMP) and three quinolone...

The activities of new quinolones against 140 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were determined. From the relationship between the MICs of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus 6171 (MIC of sparfloxacin, 200 micrograms/ml; MIC of ciprofloxacin, 100 micrograms/ml) and fluoroquinolone-susceptible S. aureus FDA 209-P were selected for purification ...

Introduction The incidence and prevalence of gonorrhoea in Mongolia appear to be high and increasing. Progress towards control of gonorrhoea requires the availability of eVective antibiotic treatment. However, the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Mongolia is diYcult to ascertain. A brief report some years ago noted “substantial” resistance to penicillins and quinolones and, s...

BACKGROUND Infection in pediatric cancer patients has become a concerning problem due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. The goal of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of blood isolates from pediatric oncology patients in Iran to determine if there was significant resistance to quinolones. METHODS Children with cancer who were admitted with or developed fev...

Quinolone resistance is usually due to mutations in the genes encoding bacterial topoisomerases. However, different reports have shown that neither clinical quinolone resistant isolates nor in vitro obtained Stenotrophomonas maltophilia mutants present mutations in such genes. The mechanisms so far described consist on efflux pumps' overexpression. Our objective is to get information on novel mec...