The ongoing question of whether negative transfer speech acts increases or decreases with gains in L2 proficiency has brought mixed results, some arguing that (Bu, 2012; Morkus, 2018) and others the opposite (Maeshiba, Yoshinaga, Kasper, & Ross, 2006). In response, this study measured frequency content refusals among 33 beginning 49 intermediate Japanese students English. Twenty-three Engli...

In this paper shape adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT) for coding arbitrarily shaped image segments is proposed. The proposed transform can be used in region-based image compression instead of the shape adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT). Region-based image coding method is made up of three procedures: image segmentation, contour coding and texture coding. An image is ...

To decide whether a given sequence is “truely” random, or independent and identically distributed, we need to resort to nonparametric tests for randomness. Six tests: the ordinary run test, the sign test, the runs up and down test, the Mann-Kendall test, the Bartels’ rank test and the test based on entropy estimators are introduced in this report and their weaknesses are analyzed. Combining the...

| Sequences of digital video images typically require vast amounts of electronic memory for storage, and occupy much bandwidth during transmission. Widely used image and video compression standards, such as JPEG and MPEG, use the two-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to achieve near-optimal compression of individual frames. This is done by decomposing the the frames into components of...

A question and its answer are closely related at the discourse level: a (non-rhetorical) question requires an answer and an answer is appropriate only with respect to a question. Still, a question and its answer are associated with two independent objects at the syntactic and semantic level. A question is often realized as a matrix interrogative clause and is commonly assumed to denote a set of...

OBJECTIVE Poor effort on baseline neuropsychological tests is expected to influence interpretation of post-concussion assessment scores. Our study examined effort in an athletic population to determine if poor effort effects neuropsychological test performance. METHODS High school athletes (N=199) were administered a brief neuropsychological test battery, which included the Dot Counting Test ...