Fecal bacteria are considered to be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment and could horizontally transfer these genes to autochthonous bacteria when carried on transferable and/or mobile genetic elements. Such circulation of resistance genes constitutes a latent public health hazard. The aim of this study was to characterize the variable region of th...

Three different ionene polymers with varying quaternary ammonium moieties were used as a proof of concept for the formulation of antisense oligonucleotides, which are capable of inhibiting Renilla luciferase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Cationic vesicles, consisting of cationic polymer, antisense oligonucleotide (Luc) and non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 80, were investigated regarding th...

Quaternary ammonium compounds have received recent attention due to their potent in vivo antimalarial activity based on their ability to inhibit de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Here we show that in addition to this, heme binding significantly contributes to the antimalarial activity of these compounds. For the study, we used a recently synthesized bis-quaternary ammonium compound, T16 (1...

Semifluorinated polymer latexes were prepared by emulsion polymerization of 2.5-25% of a fluoroalkyl methacrylate, 25% chloromethylstyrene, 1% styrylmethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, and the remainder 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate under surfactant-free conditions. The chloromethylstyrene units were converted to quaternary ammonium ions with trimethylamine. In aqueous dispersions at particle conce...

The plasmid-mediated transmission of antibiotic resistance genes has been reported to be involved in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and poses a serious threat for the success of bacterial infection treatment and human health worldwide. The present study used a 454 GS‑FLX pyrosequencing system to determine the ~140 kb nucleotide sequence of plasmid pHS36‑NDM, which was ide...

Introduction The discovery that complex chiral diacetylene derivatives can self-assemble into nanostructures 1 has led to a search for simpler molecules that retain that activity. The search for novel materials is complicated because the factors governing self-assembly are complex and until the simple system is identified the underlying mechanisms are difficult to discover. Unlike spherical lip...

Cetyl pyridinium chloride is a cationic detergent which is soluble in water, chloroform, alcohol, and acetone. Aqueous solutions are clear, colorless, and odorless. The agent has a depressant action upon surface tension. This property enhances the value of the germicide because irregular surfaces are uniformly wetted. The germicidal properties of cetyl pyridinium chloride were first studied in ...

Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide with good biodegradability, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, which makes it potentially useful for biomedical applications, including an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other polymers. However, the poor solubility of CS in most solvents at neutral or high pH substantially limits its use. Quaternary ammonium CS, which was prep...

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide and are a leading cause of foodborne disease. Their environmental persistence and purported resistance to disinfection undoubtedly contribute to their success as foodborne disease agents. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of three commonly used disinfectant active ingredients agains...

Markedly enhanced recyclability of osmium catalyst in asymmetric dihydroxylation has been achieved by using osmylated macroporous resins bearing both residual vinyl groups and quaternary ammonium moiety.