This paper examines type-2 fuzzy arithmetic using interval analysis. It relies heavily on alpha-cuts and alpha-planes. Furthermore, we discuss the use of quasi type-2 fuzzy sets proposed by Mendel and Liu and define quasi type-2 fuzzy numbers. Arithmetic operations of such numbers are defined and a worked example is presented. Keywords— Fuzzy Arithmetic, Type-2 Fuzzy Arithmetic, Type-2 Fuzzy Nu...

The profile of a relational structure R is the function φR which counts for every integer n the number φR(n), possibly infinite, of substructures of R induced on the n-element subsets, isomorphic substructures being identified. If φR takes only finite values, this is the Hilbert function of a graded algebra associated with R, the age algebra KA(R), introduced by P. J. Cameron. In this paper we ...

The effect of unions on profits continues to be an unresolved empirical issue. In this paper, meta-regression analysis is applied to the population of 45 econometric studies that report 532 estimates of the direct effect of unions on profits. We show that unions have a significant negative effect on profits, and that this effect is larger in the US. Separate meta-regression analysis is used to ...

in this paper, a new circuit is proposed for step-up z-source inverter based on qzsi (quasi-z-source inverter). the proposed topology inherits all advantages of the conventional topology. the proposed topology in comparison with conventional topology reduces the st (shoot-through) duty cycle by over 25% at the same voltage boost factor. theoretical analysis of the proposed qzsi in the st and no...

in this paper, quadratic rules for obtaining approximate solution of definite integrals as well as single and double integrals using spline quasi-interpolants will be illustrated. the method is applied to a few test examples to illustrate the accuracy and the implementation of the method

safety analysis of the roads through the accident rates which is one of the widely used tools has been resulted from the direct exposure method which is based on the ratio of the vehicle-kilometers traveled and vehicle-travel time. however, due to some fundamental flaws in its theories and difficulties in gaining access to the data required such as traffic volume, distance and duration of the t...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

the measurement of rts amounts measures a relationship between inputs and outputs in a production structure. there are many different ways to calculate rts in primal or dual space. but in more realistic cases, governments usually intervene on dmu’s behavior as regulatory agency, this clearly represent a set of limitations and restrictions on behaviors of dmus, so very few decisions in dmus are ...

in this paper $s$ is a monoid with a left zero and $a_s$ (or $a$) is a unitary right $s$-act. it is shown that a monoid $s$ is right perfect (semiperfect) if and only if every (finitely generated) strongly flat right $s$-act is quasi-projective. also it is shown that if every right $s$-act has a unique zero element, then the existence of a quasi-projective cover for each right act implies that ...

‎let $i$ denote an ideal of a noetherian ring $r$‎. ‎the purpose of‎ ‎this article is to introduce the concepts of quintasymptotic‎ ‎sequences over $i$ and quintasymptotic cograde of $i$‎, ‎and to show that they play a role analogous to quintessential sequences‎ ‎over $i$ and quintessential cograde of $i$‎. ‎we show that‎, ‎if $r$ is‎ ‎local‎, ‎then the quintasymptotic cograde of $i$ is una...