INTRODUCTION Teaching renal physiology for undergraduate medical students in an understandable way using methods which improve their deep learning has always been a problem. In this study, Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) was used in teaching renal physiology for the second year medical students in Shiraz Medical School. This article aims to introduce and develop this program and also measure the ...

There is many software development methodologies exist that is used to control the process of developing a software system. No exact system was found which could help the software engineers for selection of best software development methodology. This paper present the framework of expert system combined with Likert scale. With the help of Likert scale we create a rule based model and assign som...

introduction: pain is the most common complaint of patients referring to emergency department (ed). considering the importance of pain management in ed, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks in this setting. methods: 46 patients who came to the ed with injured extremities were enrolled in the study and received either femoral, axillary or...

Likert, Likert-type, and ordinal-scale responses are very popular psychometric item scoring schemes for attempting to quantify people's opinions, interests, or perceived efficacy of an intervention and are used extensively in Physical Education and Exercise Science research. However, these numbered measures are generally considered ordinal and violate some statistical assumptions needed to eval...

This article highlights the theoretical differences between the Likert and Thurstone approaches to attitude measurement and demonstrates how such differences can lead to discrepant attitude estimates for individuals with the most extreme opinions. Both simulated data and real data on attitude toward abortion are used to demonstrate this discrepancy. The results suggest that attitude researchers...

Objectives: There is an increasing need for a larger and better trained workforce in medical informatics. The goal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10×10 program is to educate 10,000 clinicians in medical informatics by the year 2010. Methods: We adapted an on-line introductory graduate course toward this goal. It was evaluated using Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Results...

Emotional Reaction (five-point Likert scale ranging from " Not at all " to " A great deal ") Indicate the extent to which you experienced each of the following emotion when the introduction of [system name] was announced: Mean St. dev. Adaptation Behaviors (seven-point Likert scale ranging from " Never " to " Many times a day ") Indicate the extent to which you performed each of the behaviors b...

How Likert type measurement scales should be appropriately used and analysed has been debated for over 50 years, often to the great confusion of students, practitioners, allied health researchers and educators. Basically, there are two major competing views that have evolved somewhat independently of one another and of the associated empirical research literature on this ‘great debate’. Most re...

The objective of the article is the comparative analysis of Likert rating scale based on the following range of response categories, i.e. 5, 7, 9 and 11 in context of the appropriate process of factors extraction in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The problem addressed in the article is related primarily to the methodological aspects, both in selection of the optimal number of response categ...