prevalence of contagious diseases through foreign passengers and crews is one the serious problems in big ports. in the late qajar period, bushehr port became an important port because of military, political and economical reasons. in this time, some diseases such as plague and cholera prevailed in some iran’s neighbor countries like india and iraq and spread in bushehr by passengers and crews....

In the form of a case study and based upon novel material about reception Spinoza’s Theological–Political Treatise (TTP) in Iran, this paper studies issues with interactions among political, theological philosophical ideas TTP. The starts first Iranian encounters philosophy Qajar era nineteenth century then focuses on TTP period after 1979 Islamic Revolution. translation was prepared 1990s by M...

the present study focuses on the formation of various types of yards in mosques and the elements that contribute to the respective process. the significance of the issue lies in that certain scholars have associated the yard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of mosque yards of various types. the theoretical fin...

The evaluation of masonry and mosque type structures after the Sivrice Earthquake is presented in this study. Stone buildings exhibited damage such as vertical cracks splitting at corners, wedge shaped corner failures, diagonal cracking on walls, out-of-plane separation walls from flooring/roofing systems. On other hand, flags caps minarets was a common example mosques. Future earthquake can be...