This paper presents the concepts of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces and stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces. It is shown that the category of stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is a bireflective subcategory of the category of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces, and the former is a Cartesian-closed topological category. Also, it is proved that the category of stratified $...

In this paper we derive convergence rates for Q-learning. We show an interesting relationship between the convergence rate and the learning rate used in Q-learning. For a polynomial learning rate, one which is 1/t at time t where ω ∈ (1/2, 1), we show that the convergence rate is polynomial in 1/(1− γ), where γ is the discount factor. In contrast we show that for a linear learning rate, one whi...

Abstract. Many discrete integrable systems exhibit the Laurent phenomenon. In this paper, we investigate three integrable systems: the Somos-4 recurrence, the Somos-5 recurrence and a system related to so-called A1 Q-system, whose general solutions are derived in terms of Hankel determinant. As a result, we directly confirm that they satisfy the Laurent property. Additionally, it is shown that ...

begin{abstract} The relations between the spectrum of the matrix $Q+R$ and the spectra of the matrices $(gamma + delta)Q+(alpha + beta)R-QR-RQ$, $QR-RQ$, $alpha beta R-QRQ$, $alpha RQR-(QR)^{2}$, and $beta R-QR$ have been given on condition that the matrix $Q+R$ is diagonalizable, where $Q$, $R$ are ${alpha, beta}$-quadratic matrix and ${gamma, delta}$-quadratic matrix, respectively, of ord...

In the present paper‎, ‎we propose an iterative algorithm for‎ ‎solving the generalized $(P,Q)$-reflexive solution of the quaternion matrix‎ ‎equation $overset{u}{underset{l=1}{sum}}A_{l}XB_{l}+overset{v} ‎{underset{s=1}{sum}}C_{s}widetilde{X}D_{s}=F$‎. ‎By this iterative algorithm‎, ‎the solvability of the problem can be determined automatically‎. ‎When the‎ ‎matrix equation is consistent over...

we shall extend the results of [5] and prove that if f = z o a x ? z [[x]] is algebraic over q (x), where a = 1, ƒ 1 and if ? , ? ,..., ? are p-adic integers, then 1 ? , ? ,..., ? are linkarly independent over q if and only if (1+x) ,(1+x) ,…,(1+x) are algebraically independent over q (x) if and only if f , f ,.., f are algebraically independent over q (x)

let g be a transitive permutation group on a set ? and let m be a positive integer. if no element of g moves any subset of ? by more than m points, then |? | [2mp i (p-1)] wherep is the least odd primedividing |g |. when the bound is attained, we show that | ? | = 2 p q ….. q where ? is a non-negative integer with 2 < p, r 1 and q is a prime satisfying p < q < 2p, ? = 0 or 1, i i n. furthermore...