1. Harrison’s rule, which predicts that large-bodied species of hosts have large-bodied species of parasites, has been documented in a wide diversity of parasites. 2. Harrison’s rule has been most thoroughly studied in avian feather lice, which escape from host defence (preening) by hiding in the feathers. Lice that are unable to hide are selectively removed by preening. Preening selects for sm...

We conducted an open-field ultra-low volume efficacy bioassay using a water-based formulation AquaDuet (prallethrin [1%], sumithrin [5%], and piperonly butoxide [5%]) applied from a truck-mounted cold aerosol sprayer. The adulticide was applied at 90.6 ml/ha (1.23 oz/acre) and 3 replicated treatments were performed using caged Aedes albopictus collected from local wild populations. Rotating imp...

The following pyrethrin and pyrethroid pesticides were determined in urine and water matrixes by liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD): pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, tetramethrin, baythroid, bifenthrin, fenvalerate, phenothrin, allethrin, resmethrin, cis-permethrin, and trans-permethrin. In addition, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a metabolite of various pyrethroids, was also success...

fly. Rather, they are transmitted by person-toperson contact. Despite the introduction of new treatments, the frequency of lice infestation may be increasing. One explanation may be the development of resistance to current treatments. Fortunately, head and pubic lice do not transmit systemic disease. Hence, treatment is directed at relieving symptoms and preventing reinfestation and transmission.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of C. papaya L. leaf extract (CPLE) on pancreatic islets in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, as well as on cultured normal pancreatic cells with STZ in the medium. CPLE (3-125 mg/Kg) was administered orally for 20 days, while a group of diabetic rats received 5 IU/Kg/day of insulin. At the end of the treatment the rats were s...

C oncerns have been raised about the impact of farmed fish on wild fish through a range of mechanisms including disease and the impact of fish that escape from farms (1). Although Alaska has banned salmon farming and Washington has developed only a very small industry, British Columbia, with an extensive network of protected inlets, has developed a very large salmon-farming industry, now consid...

Reciprocal selective effects between coevolving species are often influenced by interactions with the broader ecological community. Community-level interactions may also influence macroevolutionary patterns of coevolution, such as cospeciation, but this hypothesis has received little attention. We studied two groups of ecologically similar feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) that differ in ...

Article history: Received 19 May 2016 Received in revised form 21 June 2016 Accepted 22 June 2016 Available online 23 June 2016 The use of cleaner fish as biological controls of salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) has increased exponentially in the last decade inNorwegianAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) production. This alternative to chemical treatments has resulted in the emergence of lumpsuck...

Autoimmune gonad destruction was induced in Atlantic salmon of both sexes in trials carried out on fish kept in sea cages on a fish farm. Damage to gonads was only found in fish where the first injection of gonad extract had been given together with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, injections without adjuvant or with carrageenan as an adjuvant were unsuccessful. Length and weight differences between...

The impact of salmon lice on the survival of migrating Atlantic salmon smolts was studied by comparing the adult returns of sea-ranched smolts treated for sea lice using emamectin benzoate or substance EX with untreated control groups in the River Dale in western Norway. A total of 143 500 smolts were released in 35 release groups in freshwater from 1997 to 2009 and in the fjord system from 200...