Intestinal atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction, and management of this disease in limited setup of a developing country is very difficult. This study is a retrospective study of patients with jejunoileal atresias and their postoperative outcome in a teaching hospital in eastern Nepal over a 5-year period. There were 28 children (19 boys and 9 girls). 11 children (39.28%...

To fully understand neuronal network operation, the influence of all inputs onto that network must be characterized. As in most systems, many neuronal and hormonal pathways influence the multifunctional motor circuits of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG), but the actions of only some of them are known. Therefore, we characterized the influence of the kinin peptide family on the gastr...

Neuromodulators modify network output by altering neuronal firing properties and synaptic strength at multiple sites; however, the functional importance of each site is often unclear. We determined the importance of monoamine modulation of a single synapse for regulation of network cycle frequency in the oscillatory pyloric network of the lobster. The pacemaker kernel of the pyloric network rec...

Botulinum toxin injection into the pylorus is reported to improve gastric emptying in gastroparesis. Classically, botulinum toxin inhibits ACh release from cholinergic nerves in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of botulinum toxin on pyloric smooth muscle. Guinea pig pyloric muscle strips were studied in vitro. Botulinum toxin type A was added; electric field s...

In the lobsters Fasus lalandii and Palinurus vulgaris, the rhythmical activity of the pyloric pattern generator of the stomatogastric nervous system is strongly modified by the firing of a single identified interneurone, whose activity we have recorded from the cell body, in vitro. The cell body of this interneurone, the anterior pyloric modulator (APM), is located in the oesophageal ganglion a...

Feeding intolerance is a common issue in the care of preterm neonates. The condition manifests as delayed emptying of gastric contents and represents a therapeutic challenge, since the factors accounting for its manifestations are unknown. The main goal of this study was to comparatively investigate the age-related function of rat gastric and pyloric smooth muscle and their putative regulators....

Interdigestive contractile activity of the gastric body, antrum, pyloric ring and duodenum was recorded by means of chronically implanted force transducers in 5 conscious dogs. In accordance with interdigestive phase III contractions in the gastroduodenal region, a burst of strong contractions and remarkable relaxations were observed to occur in the pyloric ring. In accordance with the intense ...

Pyloric stenosis occurs with a nearly 5-fold male predominance. To what extent this is due to environmental factors is unknown. In a cohort of all children born in Denmark, 1977-2008, the authors examined the association between pre- and perinatal exposures and pyloric stenosis and investigated whether these factors modified the male predominance. Information on pre- and perinatal factors and p...