The growing popularity of open systems in organizational computing has made it important to understand the key determinants of open-systems adoption. Existing innovation diffusion theories, however, have been criticized for their inability to provide an adequate explanation for diffusion of complex organizational technology. This study used the `technology-push' (TP) and `need-pull' (NP) concep...

The ON and OFF pathways that emerge at the first synapse in the retina are generally thought to be streamed in parallel to higher visual areas, but recent work shows cross talk at the level of retinal ganglion cells. The ON pathway drives inhibitory inputs onto some OFF ganglion cells, such that these neurons show "push-pull" convergence of OFF-excitation and ON-disinhibition. In this study we ...

We present a novel visual attention tracking technique based on Shared Attention modeling. Our proposed method models the viewer as a participant in the activity occurring in the scene. We go beyond image salience and instead of only computing the power of an image region to pull attention to it, we also consider the strength with which other regions of the image push attention to the region in...

By considering the master equation of asymmetric exclusion process on a one-dimensional lattice, we obtain the most general boundary condition of the multi-species exclusion processes in which the number of particles is constant in time. This boundary condition introduces the various interactions to the particles, including ones which have been studied yet and the new ones. In these new models,...

Sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenoma (SNDA) is not easy to find in symptomless patients. SNDA has low incidence and usually occurs singly [1]. Resection of duodenal neoplasm by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been increasingly reported [2]; however, resection of triple SNDAs has not been reported before, to our knowledge. Here we describe a case of successful ESD for triple SNDAs u...

This article analyses the push and pull factors that bring visitors to the Iranian national parks. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect data on these factors and the socio-demographic profile of the visitors. Survey conducted in Boujagh National Park, an area of 3177 hectares located in the north of the Iran, produced 400 questionnaires. The factor analysis identified four push ...