In the past Ge (Germanium-68) was purified with toxic organic solvents in liquid-liquid extractions making the product unacceptable by the FDA (food and drug Administration) for human use. The authors report initial studies utilizing three or four columns consisting of sequences of AG1, AG50, Chelex 100 and/or Sephadex G25 resins. Five purification methods were examined and a separation consist...

The measurement of radioactivity deposited in the lung is often performed with an array of germanium detectors placed over the chest of the individual. The detector array size can be from four to eight detectors depending on the size of the germanium detector and Dewar assembly. Typically, large area diameter germanium detectors (70 mm diameter) consist of four detectors, and the larger arrays ...

Abstract This paper reports the development and detailed properties of about 13 metric tons gadolinium sulfate octahydrate, $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$, which has been dissolved into Super-Kamiokande (SK) in summer 2020. We evaluate impact radioactive impurities 8H_2O$ on diffuse supernova neutrino background searches solar observation confirm need to reduce fluorescent by three order...

Measurement of 238U, 233Th and 40K concentrations in soil samples collected from Ziggurat Dur-Kurigalzu west region Baghdad, have been evaluated, using high purity germanium detector. The activity varied 16.040 to 26.620 , 14.510 31.480 153.820 266.320 with average values 20.604±2.9 24.534±3.3 212.22±25.1 respectively. importance these measurements lies the estimation radiation risk, radium equ...

Geopolymers are modern synthetic materials that have many beneficial characteristics, e.g. excellent mechanical properties, fire- and heat-resistance, minimal shrinkage can be molded into shape. Given their aforementioned geopolymers could applicable as conditioning materials, to handle hazardous waste radioactive materials. However, long-term applicability needs investigated.The aim of this st...

The radioactive isotope beam (RIB) of 25Na at 5MeV/u energy in maximum 3x107 pps intensity was fired on a deuterated polyethylene (CD2) to investigate mainly (d,p gamma) reaction. However, there were other reaction possibilities, which arisen from the same collision, be eliminated wisely. As particle detector and gamma-ray detector, highly selective double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSSD) ...

We present Monte Carlo computer simulations of the X-ray response of a micro-strip germanium detector over the energy range 30}100 keV. The detector consists of a linear array of lithographically de"ned 150 lm wide strips on a high purity monolithic germanium crystal of 6 mm thickness. The simulation code is divided into two parts. We "rst consider a 10 lm wide X-ray beam striking the detector ...

Segmented coaxial HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detectors have recently been shown to be feasible for Gamma Emission Tomography (GET). This type of detector allows a combination high efficiency and energy resolution in gamma spectrometry irradiated nuclear fuel. The ultimate aim developing segmented GET measurements is achieve spatial facilitate imaging rod-internal features interrogation smalle...

Introduction Iron ore is one of the most important natural raw materials that is widely used for manufacturing iron and steel. This type of ore contains various amounts of radionuclides; thus, exposing workers handling their extraction, transportation, and processing to radiation. Materials and Methods In this study, 12 ore samples (each mass weighing about 2 kg) were collected from the iron or...