Water is used for various purposes: for daily life, agriculture, industry and fisheries. Water in chemically pure form rarely occurs in nature; it is commonly found to host a wide variety of constituents derived from both the natural and human environments. It is therefore necessary to establish water quality standards to assess and to manage water from the viewpoint of water use as well as the...

The experimental investigation has been done in the month of April 2015 for climate condition of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India (latitude 23° 18′ N; longitude 79° 95′ E) during full day, 0600 a.m. to 0600 p.m. The performance of the solar still with modification of water flow over the glass cover (sprinkler attachment) and nanoparticles (cuprous oxide) in basin water has been observed, recorde...

Nowadays, antibiotics such as amoxicillin have been entered in water bodies. Nanofiltration has been proposed as an attractive technology for removal of antibiotics from aquatic environment instead of conventional wastewater treatment. In this paper, novel asymmetric flat sheet nanofiltration membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation technique and by using the poly(ethersulfone)/Brij®...

Forced Rayleigh scattering is used to study the tracer diffusion of an azobenzene in binary combinations of polar solvents, including water. In the absence of water, the tracer diffusion coefficient D in the mixture lies between the diffusion coefficients within the pure solvents, on a curve that is reasonably close to the prediction of free-volume theory. If water is present, on the other hand...

Water autoionization reaction 2H2O --> H3O- + OH- is a textbook process of basic importance, resulting in pH = 7 for pure water. However, pH of pure water surface is shown to be significantly lower, the reduction being caused by proton stabilization at the surface. The evidence presented here includes ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations of water slabs with solvated H3O+ and O...

N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is one of the important emerging contaminants that are being increasingly detected in reclaimed water as well as in drinking water sources. However, DEET is refractory to conventional biological treatment and pure ozone which is absent of hydroxyl radical. Current researches on the efficient removal of DEET are still quite limited. This study utilizes a novel met...

Roots provide plants with mechanical stability and pure water. Wind and gravitational forces on plants are spread out by the roots over a large volume of soil. In a similar manner, roots absorb pure water and nutrients from moist soil. These processes are mathematically similar and have similar optimal solutions, unless the soil is inhomogeneous -i.e. if one part is wetter, whereas another part...

An important concern of the current environmental movement is the quality of water that we drink. Nowhere has this matter received more attention than in Pittsburgh, where citizens have expressed widespread apprehension over the healthfulness of the drinking water. The issue of clean water, however, has a long history in Pittsburgh, as in other cities, and this article will discuss the manner i...

Direct splitting of pure water into hydrogen and oxygen was demonstrated using the rutile TiO2 powder under band gap irradiation. The successful water splitting results at least in part from the intrinsic properties of the rutile surface that is less sensitive to photoreduction of O2, a reverse reaction in water splitting.