A case history is presented pertaining to five pumping systems that operated satisfactorily until a new production requirement was imposed on the pumping systems. A new slurry product initially developed at lab scale was introduced into the production plant for an initial trial run. Problems began to surface immediately on three out of five batch process pumping systems when the slurry could no...

Mainly due to its long history, sucker-rod pumping is a very popular means of artificial lift all over the world, roughly two-thirds of the producing oil wells are on this type of lift. To maximize profits from these wells in the ever-changing economic situation with rising costs of electric power, installation designs must ensure optimum conditions. In the paper, basic considerations on ensuri...

Recent studies have ascribed many non-pumping functions to the Na/K-ATPase. Here, we present experimental evidence demonstrating that over half of the plasma membrane Na/K-ATPase in LLC-PK1 cells is performing cellular functions other than ion pumping. This "non-pumping" pool of Na/K-ATPase, like the pumping pump, binds ouabain. Depletion of either cholesterol or caveolin-1 moves some of the "n...

We present, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of second order co-propagating Raman pumping on long-haul 100G WDM DP-QPSK coherent transmission of up to 7082 km using Raman fibre laser based configurations. Signal power and noise distributions along the fibre for each pumping scheme were characterised both numerically and experimentally. Based on these pumping schemes, t...

XeF( C --* A ) laser radiation has been produced in a fivecomponent gas mixture excited by a coaxial electron beam with an intermediate pulse length ( 175 ns) and pumping rate ( 1 MW/cm'). The laser output energy was 215 mJ from an active volume of 157 cm3 (1.4 J / L ) at a total gas pressure of 8 bar corresponding to an intrinsic

In most anurans, the production of advertisement calls is accompanied by the inflation of a vocal sac. Current functions of the vocal sac, however, are not fully understood, although several hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis suggests that the vocal sac decreases the intercall interval (i.e., increases call rate) by reinflating the lungs more rapidly than is possible with the buccal ...

T he rather odd term optical pumping means just what it says. In general “pumping” is a process of raising matter from lower to higher energy; for example, raising the potential energy of water hy moving it from an underground well to an elevated tank. In this article we shall he concerned w i t h the pumping of individual atoms from lower to higher states of internal energy. The word optical r...

Optical pumping uses light to affect the internal degrees of freedom of a sample of atoms in a vapor. These internal degrees of freedom are angular momentum states of the atomic ground state, which are populated when light is absorbed and emitted. This experiment reveals many phenomena of quantum mechanics including angular momentum selection rules, the density matrix, and resonance. Optical pu...

Wastewater pumping consumes 10% to 20% of electricity in wastewater treatment plants. To reduce the energy consumption, a data-driven approach is applied to model and optimize the wastewater pumping process. Datamining algorithm and multilayer perceptron neural network are used to build the pumping energy model. The optimization model is solved by an improved harmony search algorithm. Optimal p...

The purpose of this survey is to describe the importance of cyclic AMP and Ca2+-calmodulin as mediators of the effects of beta-adrenergic agonists on cardiac sarcolemma. First, the basic characteristics of the three sarcolemmal Ca2+-transporting systems, the slow Ca2+ channel, the Ca2+-pumping ATPase and the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter, are described. These different pathways for in- and outflux of Ca2...