The ν = 1 quantum Hall ground state in samples like GaAs is well known to be ferromagnetic. The global SU(2) spin symmetry of the microscopic action is broken down to a U(1) symmetry by the ground state. The Goldstone bosons corresponding to this spontaneous breaking of symmetry are the ferromagnetic magnons which are neutral spin waves. In addition, there are topologically nontrivial, electric...

We study magnetic vortex-like excitations lying on a conic space background. Two types of them are obtained. Their energies appear to be linearly dependent on the conical aperture parameter, besides of being logarithmically divergent with the sample size. In addition, we realize a geometrical-like pinning of the vortex, say, it is energetically favorable for it to nucleate around the conical ap...

We study magnetic vortex-like excitations lying on a conic space background. Two types of them are obtained. Their energies appear to be linearly dependent on the conical aperture parameter, besides of being logarithmically divergent with the sample size. In addition, we realize a geometrical-like pinning of the vortex, say, it is energetically favorable for it to nucleate around the conical ap...

Abstract With the progress of infrared high-intensity pulse technology, ultrafast control electronic states has been attracting considerable attention. Most elementary excitations solids have resonance energy in mid-infrared (MIR) frequency domain. Therefore, to understand these dynamics detail and open up new possibilities, technological innovations are desired. In this study, we developed a s...

Three distinct scales are identified in the excitation spectrum of the gluon field around a static quark-antiquark pair as the color source separation R is varied. The spectrum, with string-like excitations on the largest length scales of 2–3 fm, provides clues in its rich fine structure for developing an effective bosonic string description. New results are reported from the three–dimensional ...

Solitons are the classical field configurations connecting two trivial vacua. These also solutions of equations motion with particle-like properties. Moreover, they localized in space, having finite energy, and stable against decay into radiation. The coherent state description kink-solitons is discussed present article. Further, relation between topological solitons occupation numbers correspo...

We show that by applying accidental degeneracy, we can obtain a triply-degenerate state at the zone center in the band diagram of two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal. The dispersion near the zone center comprises two linear bands and an additional flat band crossing at the same frequency. If this triply-degenerate state is formed by the degeneracy of monopole and dipole excitations, we show t...

Subtle atomic motion in a Bi crystal excited by a 35 fs-laser pulse has been recovered from the transient reflectivity of an optical probe measured with an accuracy of 10(-5). Analysis shows that a novel effect reported here-an initial negative drop in reflectivity-relates to a delicate coherent displacement of atoms by the polarization force during the pulse. We also show that reflectivity osc...