The relationships between basic and applied agricultural R&D, developed and developing country R&D and between R&D, extension, technology and productivity growth are outlined. The declining growth rates of public R&D expenditures are related to output growth and crop yields, where growth rates have also fallen, especially in the developed countries. However, growth in output value per hectare h...

The paper deals with the relationship between public spending and growth as well dynamics of ratio debt to GDP. authors show that a composition favors productive expenditures, is, those direct positive effect on economy's long-run rate growth, can determine situation in which GDP is stable, even though government runs primary deficits. We test our theoretical results by considering Indian case....

Economic analysis and popular opinion often conflict. An example is the connection between the revenues and expenditures of the public sector. Common sense suggests that there should be a strong and logical connection between the two sides of the budget. For example, if an average citizen in any country is asked what he or she thinks about the desirability of a particular expenditure increase, ...

aced with limited budgets and rising health care costs, many states are struggling to ensure that all children within their borders receive adequate health care. Some plans are reluctant to participate in public health care programs for children because of the large and highly variable treatment costs that can arise in caring for children, especially those with special health care needs who are...

BACKGROUND Although public and media attention has focused on the federal role in the regulation of tobacco products, state government remains an important arena for changing tobacco control policies. Lobbying state officials by public health and the tobacco industry is a commonly used mechanism to influence public policy. METHODS Major bills of the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 Wisconsin legislati...

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BACKGROUND Debate continues in Israel as to whether to allow patients in public hospitals to choose their physician in return for an additional, out-of-pocket payment. One argument against this arrangement is that the most senior physicians will devote most of their time to private patients and not be sufficiently available to public patients with complex cases. OBJECTIVES To analyze the patt...

Private hospitals are an essential component of Australia's complex mix of public and private health funding and provision. Private hospitals account for 34.3 per cent of all hospital separations, and over half (56.2%) of all same-day separations. The revenue (funding) of the sector approached $4 billion by 1998/99, and as a result of its recent rapid growth capital expenditure in the sector wa...