the kind of contracts of government and public organisations that relates public affaires, that named public or administrative contracts , are very important to fulfil legal duties of government, and public contracts are new forms of providing public welfare, and management of public services, that are based on consenting instead of being authoritarian, but had been studied less in iran law bec...

Introduction The Hospital Authority (HA) is a statutory body that was established under the Hospital Authority Ordinance. It has managed public hospitals in Hong Kong since 1991. Hospitals in Hong Kong are divided into seven geographically based clusters. HA has designed a “Payfor-Performance (P4P) model” which includes incentives to promote productivity and quality. In the second year of this ...

Combining intervention diffusion with change in clinical practice and public policy is an ambitious agenda. The impressive effort in Hawaii can be instructive, highlighting questions for a science of treatment dissemination. Among these questions, some of the most important are the following: (a) Who should be targeted for change? (e.g., "downstream" clinicians in practice, "upstream" clinician...

Empirical research suggests that the cognitively able are politically more influential than the less able, by being more likely to vote and to assume leadership positions. This study asks whether this pattern matters for public policy by investigating what role a person's cognitive ability plays in determining his preferences for redistribution of income among citizens in society. To answer thi...

OBJECTIVE To assess the perception of diseases and the willingness to use public-tax revenue for their treatment among relevant stakeholders. DESIGN A population-based, cross-sectional mailed survey. SETTING Finland. PARTICIPANTS 3000 laypeople, 1500 doctors, 1500 nurses (randomly identified from the databases of the Finnish Population Register, the Finnish Medical Association and the Fin...