نتایج جستجو برای: psychological theory

تعداد نتایج: 908107  

2012
Julian B. Rotter

Overview of Theory When Rotter developed his Social Learning Theory, the dominant perspective in clinical psychology at the time was Freud's Psychoanalysis, which focused on people's deepseated instinctual motives as determining behavior. Individuals were seen as being naive to their unconscious impulses, and treatment required long-term analysis of childhood experience. Even learning approache...

Journal: :Multivariate behavioral research 2014
Manuel C Voelkle Annette Brose Florian Schmiedek Ulman Lindenberger

The vast majority of empirical research in the behavioral sciences is based on the analysis of between-person variation. In contrast, much of applied psychology is concerned with the analysis of variation within individuals. Furthermore, the mechanisms specified by psychological theories generally operate within, rather than across, individuals. This disconnect between research practice, applie...

2006
GENE M. HEYMAN DUNCAN LUCE

The distribution of behavior between concurrently available schedules of reinforcement approximates the distribution of reinforcements between the schedules. This equality, called matching, has been explained as an instance of the principle that organisms maximize reinforcement rate. However, a precise account of the relationship between the distribution of behavior and reinforcement rate on th...

Journal: :The American psychologist 2013
Fons J R van de Vijver

In this article I define and describe the current state of internationalization in psychology. Internationalization refers here to the approach in which existing or new psychological theories, methods, procedures, or data across cultures are synthesized so as to create a more culture-informed, inclusive, and globally applicable science and profession. This approach is essential to advance psych...

1998
Armando Machado Munire Cevik

This study reexamined the processes of acquisition and extinction under periodic reinforcement. During the first phase of the experiment, pigeons were exposed to a fixed-interval schedule either 40 or 80 s long. During the second phase, each session started with the fixed-interval schedule but changed to extinction at an unpredictable moment. The results showed that during phase 1 the curve for...

Journal: :Cognition 2007
Ansgar D Endress Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz Jacques Mehler

Cognitive processes are often attributed to statistical or symbolic general-purpose mechanisms. Here we show that some spontaneous generalizations are driven by specialized, highly constrained symbolic operations. We explore how two types of artificial grammars are acquired, one based on repetitions and the other on characteristic relations between tones ("ordinal" grammars). Whereas participan...

2003
Masato Ito

We calculate the Casimir energies due to matter fields with various boundary conditions along two compact directions in T 2 compactification. We discuss whether the Casimir energies generate attractive or repulsive forces. On the theories with extra dimensions, the Casimir energy plays a crucial role in the mechanism for stabilizing the size of extra dimensions. Finally we argue a procedure of ...

Journal: :سیاست 0
محمد توحیدفام دانشیار دانشکده علوم سیاسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی

after the collapse of the left extreme ideological camp (communism) in leadership with soviet :union: in 90’s; that must be consider along the collapse of the right extreme ideological camp (fascism) in the mid of twentieth century; the middle right ideological camp (liberalism) in leadership of industrial world countries, to celebrate this victory along with globalization age. in the meantime,...

Journal: :Suicide & life-threatening behavior 2011
Kathy A Rasmussen Laricka R Wingate

A possible relationship between Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior and optimism was investigated by examining the ability of optimism to act as a moderator of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability to engage in self-injury in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Results supported hypotheses that optimism would serve as a mo...

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