When conducting location-based decision makings, people often rely on geospatial cognition to the real space than the exact physical distance in the real world. In fact, distance based on people’s geospatial cognition is useful in many respects of urban life. In this paper, we measure psychological proximity of urban areas by borrowing crowd’s experiences easily available from location-based so...

A heavily disputed question of moral philosophy is whether spatial distance between agent and victim is normatively relevant for the degree of obligation to help strangers in need. In this research, we focus on the associated descriptive question whether increased distance does in fact reduce individuals' sense of helping obligation. One problem with empirically answering this question is that ...

Four experiments examined the possibility of a key-distance effect in a transposition detection task. Subjects heard standard melodies followed by comparison melodies presented in the same key, a musically near key or a musically far key. The task was to recognize comparisons that were exact transpositions of the standards, rejecting nontranspositions. Results suggested a largely invariant key-...

Lidars are ideal for mapping the spatial distribution of aerosol concentrations, however efforts to convert the lidar measurements into estimates of the aerosol extinction or scattering coefficient are usually complicated. The difficulties arise from the uncertainty in the aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio and the lidar calibration. In marine conditions with little absorption, the aerosol...

We have examined target detection performance in two monkey subjects during visual search with eye movements as a function of stimulus density and the eccentricity of the target from fixation. As expected, search time and the number of fixations per trial were related to the number of array objects in conjunction style arrays. High probability detection of targets occurs only within a restricte...

When gene regulatory networks operate in regimes where the number of protein molecules is so small that the molecular species are on the verge of extinction, the death and resurrection of the species greatly modifies the attractor landscape. Deterministic models and the diffusion approximation to the master equation break down at the limits of protein populations in a way very analogous to the ...

Spatial memory can be strengthened by adverse stimuli that activate the stress system, and administration of the stress hormone corticosterone in close-context with the learning task. Less is known about modulation of spatial memory by post-training positive reinforcers (reward). Cognitive performance was assessed in male C57BL/6J mice using two learning tasks: the water maze (WM) and circular ...

This paper is a preliminary report on the results of an investigation into the diffusion of Euclidean shape, using computer algebra to reduce complicated intermediate calculations to an informative final form. The computer algebra takes the form of an extension to the symbolic Itô calculus described in W.S. Kendall (1988). A substantially more detailed treatment (including details of how to obt...