abstract background and purpose: aging is associated with brain changes and reduction in motor skill acquisi­tion that can limit its functional capacity. one of the effective interventions is using transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs). the aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of tdcs on learning and motor skill in healthy older adults. materials and methods: a litera...

the term autistic refers to the individuals who have a set of development disorders relevant to the central nervous system. these children are known to have deficiency in social interaction, language and communication. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor development and social development of 6-10-year-old autistic children of mashhad city. the statistical sam...

This study presents a new theory to explain the neural origins of human mind. This is the psychomotor theory. The author briefly analyzed the historical development of the mind-brain theories. The close relations between psychological and motor systems were subjected to a rather detailed analysis, using psychiatric and neurological examples. The feedback circuits between mind, brain, and body w...

background: team-based learning is a structured type of cooperative learning that is becoming increasingly more popular in nursing education. this study compares levels of nursing students’ perception of the psycho-social climate of the classroom between conventional lecture group and team-based learning group.   methods: in a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design 38 nursing stu...

Head injury is one of the most important types of injury and is responsible for most of the deaths due to trauma. Low-income and middle-income countries face with more risk factors, but they still lack adequate health-care capacity to deal with complications. Trauma literally means the damage and injury, and head injury was defined as physical damage to the brain or skull caused by external for...

introduction family caregivers are often responsible for providing significant support to relatives who require care at home. however, evidence suggests that family caregivers have limited information, resources or support to prepare them for such a role. furthermore, family caregiving can be associated with negative physical and psychosocial outcomes. this study examines the short-term impact ...

The cholinergic basal forebrain projects throughout the neocortex, exerting a critical role in modulating plasticity associated with normal learning. Cholinergic modulation of cortical plasticity could arise from 3 distinct mechanisms by 1) "direct" modulation via cholinergic inputs to regions undergoing plasticity, 2) "indirect" modulation via cholinergic projections to anterior, prefrontal at...

it has been shown that the immunophilin ligands have the special advantage in spinal cord repair. in this study, the effects of cyclosporine a (csa) on functional recovery and histological outcome were evaluated following spinal cord injury in rats. after spinal cord hemisection in thirty six adult female sprague-dawley rats (200- 250 g), treatment groups received csa (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) at 15min ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patient-reported outcome measures have been found useful in many disciplines but have received limited evaluation after stroke. The current study investigated the relationship that patient-reported measures have with standard impairment and disability scales after stroke. METHODS Patients with motor deficits after stroke were scored on standard assessments including the...

Motor units within human muscles usually exhibit a significant degree of short-term synchronization. Such coincident spiking typically has been attributed to last-order projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The extent of branched input arising directly from cortical neurons has often been suggested as a critical factor determining the magnitude of short-term synch...