The ability of living organisms to survive extraterrestrial conditions has implications for the origins of life in the solar system. We have therefore studied the survival of viruses, bacteria, yeast, and fungi under simulated Martian conditions. The environment on Mars was simulated by low temperature, proton irradiation, ultraviolet irradiation, and simulated Martian atmosphere (CO2 95.46%,...

In recent years, particle therapy has become a widely accepted form of cancer treatment and technological advances in beam delivery technology (i.e. pencil beam scanning (PBS)) have enabled the application of highly conformal dose distributions to static targets. Current research focuses on the possibilities for the treatment of mobile targets with these techniques. Of different motion mitigati...

Graft polymerization of trimethoxysilyl-containing ammonium cations on negatively-charged titania nanosheets gives a photoluminescent viscoelastic nanocomposite. Proton conduction network comprised of adsorbed water molecules near the titania slabs leads to the multiple conductometric sensitivities to temperature, humidity, and photo-irradiation.

BACKGROUND Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is the standard radiation therapy treatment for medulloblastoma. Conventional CSI photon therapy (Photon-CSI) delivers significant dose to surrounding normal tissue (NT). Research into pediatric CSI with proton therapy (Proton-CSI) has increased, with the aim of exploiting the potential to reduce NT dose and associated post-treatment complications. This...

Radiation-induced bystander effects have been observed in vitro and in cell and tissue culture models, however, there are few reported studies showing these effects in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first reported study on bystander effects induced by microbeam irradiation in an intact living mammal. The mouse ear was used to investigate radiation-induced bystander effects in keratinocytes...

Infrared absorption spectra of mixed H2O, NH3 and 12CO2/13CO2 ices subjected to 1 MeV proton irradiation were investigated. The results of analyses of the spectra suggest formation of carbamic acid at low temperatures. The stability of this compound in the solid phase is attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the zwitter-ion (NH3+ COO-) structure.

A straightforward procedure based on the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds to impart selectivity in the preparation of multi-functionalized porphyrins has been developed. To illustrate the concept, the synthesis of a biomimetic artificial photosynthetic model able to undergo electron and proton transfer reactions upon irradiation is reported.

The lifetime of structural components of spallation targets (beam window, liquid metal container, return hull) is determined by the irradiation-induced changes of the mechanical properties of their materials. An extensive test program was initiated using specimens obtained from spent target components from operating spallation facilities (Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, LANSCE and the Spalla...

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a versatile imaging technique for measuring microenvironment properties via dilute CEST labile groups. Conventionally, CEST MRI is implemented with a long radiofrequency irradiation module, followed by fast image acquisition to obtain the steady state CEST contrast. Nevertheless, the sensitivity, scan time, and spatial coverage of the conventi...

After identifying the microdischarge location in the n-side, a novel p-stop structure, a p-stop with an extended DC field plate, was invented and implemented in the n-strip readout on the nbulk Silicon microstrip detector. The detectors showed little increase of leakage current during and after the proton irradiation due to the microdischarge.