The conformation of the activation loop (T-loop) of protein kinases underlies enzymatic activity and influences the binding of small-molecule inhibitors. By using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, we have determined that phosphorylated Aurora A kinase is in dynamic equilibrium between a DFG-in-like active T-loop conformation and a DFG-out-like inactive conformation, and have measured t...

TiO2 is widely used in biomaterial implants. The topography, chemical and structural properties of titania surfaces are an important aspect to study. size nanoparticles synthetized by sol–gel method can influence the responses biological environment, using appropriate heat treatments different contents polymorphs be formed. Protein adsorption a crucial step for responses, involving, particular,...

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are the paradigmatic effectors of lipid signaling. PKCs translocate to cell membranes and are allosterically activated upon binding of the lipid diacylglycerol to their C1A and C1B domains. The crystal structure of full-length protein kinase C βII was determined at 4.0 Å, revealing the conformation of an unexpected intermediate in the activation pathway. Here, th...

The dynamic interactions between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their cognate protein partners are central to several cell signaling pathways. For example, the association of CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) with its chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL8 or CXCL8) initiates pathways leading neutrophil-mediated immune responses. N-terminal domain confers ligand selectivity, but unfortunately co...