The Three Main Groups of Sperm Nucleus Basic Proteins (SNBPs) In early studies on the chemical composition of the cell nucleus, it was found that the nucleic acid initially called “nuclein” (1) could form salt-like linkages with two different complexing substances, referred to as “protamine” (2) and “histone” (3). By the end of the nineteenth century, the true protein nature of these complexing...

Nearly 2 m of DNA is so tightly packaged that it fits neatly within the nucleus of each cell of our body. As if this was not mind-blowing enough, the problem is intensified in the male germline, as the nucleus of a sperm cell is about 6 times smaller than that of a somatic cell. Sperm are highly specialized cells charged with the sole responsibility of delivering the paternal genome to offsprin...

a:4:{s:9:"Objective";s:680:"Surgery is considered the primary treatment for male infertility from clinical varicocele. One of the main events associated with varicocele is excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals, is considered a supplement to alleviate glutathione (GSH) depletion during oxidative stress. Despi...

Background: During the later stages of spermatogenesis, spermatid nuclear remodeling and condensation are associated with histone modifications and the sequential displacement of histones by transition proteins and then by protamines. In humans, approximately 15% of the sperm DNA remains packaged by histones in sequence-specific areas. The histone variant H2B, member W, testis-specific (H2BFWT)...