Common canine prostatic disorders include benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), prostatitis, prostatic cysts and prostatic adenocarcinoma. BPH is a spontaneous and age-related disorder of intact male dogs, which occurs in more than 80% male dogs over 5 years of age, and which is associated with clinical signs of sanguinous prostatic fluid, constipation and dysuria. BPH signs respond to castration...

Background: Renal calculi are related to obesity and metabolic syndrome and may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but data from prospective cohort studies are sparse. Therefore, the authors investigated the association between renal calculi and the risk of cardiovascular disease endpoints in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam stud...

We demonstrate a tight relationship between linearly typed π-calculi and typed λ-calculi by giving a type-preserving translation from the call-by-value λμ-calculus into a typed π-calculus. The λμ-calculus has a particularly simple representation as typed mobile processes. The target calculus is a simple variant of the linear π-calculus. We establish full abstraction up to maximally consistent o...