background: in helical tomotherapy (ht), the scaling factor (sf) is the time in seconds that each leaf viewing a target would need to be open to deliver the prescribed dose. the sf is patient-specific and is used to calculate the rotational period of the gantry, and the total treatment time (ttt) of the ht. the sf is generally difficult to estimate. currently, it takes about one hour to fully o...

conclusions although the presence of pni in prostate biopsy is accompanied by higher surgical stages, pni is not an appropriate independent factor in risk stratification. patients and methods this cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 109 patients who attended a tertiary health care center from 2008 to 2013. the selection criteria were pni in prostate biopsy with gleason scores ...

perforin(p) is the primary mediator of short term cytotoxicity, it is accumulated in response to proinflammatory  cytokines and stored in t lymphocyte , nk cells and nkt cells are released upon activation. perforin is a prototypical cytotoxic molecule involved in cell mediated immunity against various pathogens , alloantigens and particularly different tumors.the purpose of this study was to de...

recently, specific attention has been paid to aptamers, short dna or rna, as a tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. in the present study mcs nanogels were prepared by myristate: chitosan at 1:9 ratio and were characterized by several techniques. a selected ssdna aptamer(apt) capable of detecting lncap cells was linked to myristilated chitosan nanogels (apt-mcs) by glutaraldehyde and loaded wi...

background: to determine a cut-off point of tpsa and psad to prevent unnecessary invasive cancer-diagnosing tests in the community. methods: this study was performed on 688 consecutive patients referred to our center due to prostatism, suspicious lesions on digital rectal examination and/or elevated serum psa levels. all patients underwent transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies and obtained psa...

background: nowadays, highly specific aptamers generated by cell selex technology (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) are being applied for early detection of cancer cells. prostate specific membrane antigen (psma), over expressed in prostate cancer, is a highly specific marker and therefore can be used for diagnosis of the prostate cancer cells. the aim of the present s...

many cell lines, when cultured under proper conditions, can form three dimensionalstructures called multicellular spheroids. these spheroids resemble in vivo tumor models in severalaspects. therefore, studying growth characteristics and behavior of spheroids is beneficial inunderstanding the behavior of tumors under various experimental conditions. in this work, we havestudied the growth proper...

background: prostate cancer after lung cancer is the second cause of cancer-associated death in men. in recent years, targeted therapy of cancer has attracted researchers attention. the targeted therapy lead to decrease in side effects of drugs. studies have indicated that targeting peptides for cancer cells represent valuable tools for diagnostic and therapeutic. recently, phage display peptid...

introduction: prostate specific antigen (psa) is one of the most sensitive markers for diagnosis of prostate cancer. immunoradiometric kit (irma) is a common and sensitive method for determination of psa in clinical laboratories. this kit has four major components: solid phase coated with monocolonal antibody, pair antibody labelled with i-125, series of standards in different ranges of concent...