This work was intended to be an attempt to introduce the metalanguage for working with multiple-conclusion inference rules that admit asserted propositions along with the rejected propositions. The presence of rejected propositions, and especially the presence of the rule of reverse substitution, requires certain change the definition of structurality.

The subject for consideration today forms an aspect of a somewhat venerable branch of mathematical theory; but in essence it is part of a far older department of thought—the ancient science of logic. For it is concerned with a category of propositions of a nature marked by features neither physical nor mathematical, but by their rôle under the aspect of the reason. Their essential characteristi...

Subjects completed a belief questionnaire that contained propositions of the form "X implies Y." In some cases, the questionnaire items included both premises and the conclusion of a syllogism of the form "A implies B, B implies C, A implies C" (e.g., "Taking vitamin C will increase resistance to infection," "Increasing resistance to infection will prevent colds," and "Taking vitamin C will pre...

Risk propositions are specific and modifiable hypotheses that people hold about the outcomes of risk-taking behavior. According to fuzzy trace theory (FTT), risk propositions arise from the subjective and idiosyncratic interpretations that people make about the meaning of risk information, and form the primary basis of decision-making. A community sample of 255 drivers was interviewed at baseli...

In the emerging literature on judgment (as opposed to preference) aggregation, expert rights or liberal rights have not been investigated yet. When a group forms collective beliefs, it may assign group members with expert knowledge on certain propositions the right to determine the collective judgment on those propositions; and, when a group forms collective goals or desires, it may assign memb...

1. Logical language 1.1. Proposition, sentence and inscription Quine has argued in favor of the rejection of propositions. His argument can be summarized by the following syllogism: No entity without identity There is no criterion of identity for propositions No propositions Quine has been quite influential in the replacement of the expression propositional logic by the expression sentential lo...

khunaji and his companions get influence from fakhr al-din razi and classified quantified propositions into two kinds: factual and external. abhari added the third kind which was named mental. tusi and his companions refuted khunaji’s viewpoint. analysis and explanation of the historical development of classification of predicative proposition into factual, external and mental is the problem of...

The logic of bunched implications (BI), introduced by O’Hearn and Pym, is a substructural logic which freely combines additive and multiplicative implications. Boolean BI (BBI) denotes BI with classical interpretation of additives and its model is the commutative monoid. We show that when the monoid is finitely generated and propositions are recursively defined, or the monoid is infinitely gene...

In order to form value-oriented service-systems with their customer organizations, IT-providers are increasingly required to orientate their service offerings towards the ongoing support of their customers’ business processes with IT. Nevertheless, predominantly resource-focused and transactional IT-service propositions are offered that lack transparency in both value added and expenses per ser...

The pressure to individuate propositions more finely than intensionally – that is hyperintensionally – has two distinct sources. One source is the philosophy of mind: one can believe a proposition without believing an intensionally equivalent proposition. The second source is metaphysics: there are intensionally equivalent propositions such that one proposition is true in virtue of the other bu...