Following the failure of economic development and growth policies and dissatisfactions resulting from applying these policies, related discussions to life satisfaction was proposed among various experts. In their opinion, different factors can be effectual on life satisfaction. One of the most important factors is social welfare. This study is a social survey and it has used questionnaire for c...

The recent report by Barnhill and King about obesity prevention policy raises important issues for discussion and analysis. In response, this article raises four points for further consideration. First, a distinction between equality and justice needs to be made and consistently maintained. Second, different theories of justice highlight one additional important source of disagreement about the...

We propose a formal policy framework of MAC policies in multilevel relational databases. We identify the important components of such policies and their desirable properties. The framework provides a basis for systematically specifying such policies and characterizing their potential mismatches. Based on the framework, we compare and unify the MAC policies and policy components that are propose...

In this paper, we look at a number of policies for managing a le system cache in a web server. Traces from NCSA WorldWide Web (WWW) server are used in this study. We study several caching policies for improving the overall performance of such a server and show that request response time can be improved by some of the replacement policies that take size of the request into account. It is shown t...

In this paper, we illustrate the impact of dynamic resizability on parallel scheduling. Our ReSHAPE framework includes an application scheduler that supports dynamic resizing of parallel applications. We propose and evaluate new scheduling policies made possible by our ReSHAPE framework. The framework also provides a platform to experiment with more interesting and sophisticated scheduling poli...

In this new scheme, entities may purchase individual insurance policies on separate medical products and services. We will explore how this may be implemented in clinical scenarios. Also, we will explore how this scheme may promote favorable clinical and economic outcomes. With this proposed scheme, instead of one insurance policy, an individual could select single policies on only those produc...

Average-reward reinforcement learning (ARL) is an undiscounted optimality framework that is generally applicable to a broad range of control tasks. ARL computes gain-optimal control policies that maximize the expected payoff per step. However, gainoptimality has some intrinsic limitations as an optimality criterion, since for example, it cannot distinguish between different policies that all re...

The adoption of XACML as the standard for specifying access control policies for various applications, especially web services is vastly increasing. A policy evaluation engine can easily become a bottleneck when enforcing large policies. In this paper we propose an adaptive approach for XACML policy optimization. We proposed a clustering technique that categorizes policies and rules within a po...

The UK government is considering legislation to prohibit the importation of hunting trophies. We examine documented social, ecological, and political outcomes two previous such bans. find that government's proposal shares shortcomings existing bans have (1) failed address, or even amplified, key threats hunted species, (2) imposed costs on citizens other countries, (3) delegitimized Convention ...