In observational studies, identification of ATEs is generally achieved by assuming that the correct set confounders has been measured and properly included in relevant models. Because this assumption both strong untestable, a sensitivity analysis should be performed. Common approaches include modeling bias directly or varying propensity scores to probe effects potential unmeasured confounder. a...

Cognition and learning mathematics is two things that aren’t could separated. Cognitive related to “thought” domains with how a student obtain process use knowledge. systems are implemented from the domain of memory, manipulate knowledge Besides this, system tasked processing information or effectively in completing tasks. This research purpose describe students’ cognitive solving proportion pr...