Research background: Indebtedness indicators are used to monitor the structure of corporate financial resources. The company's share its own and foreign resources affects stability company. A high re-sources makes company stable, independent. With a low share, on contrary, is unstable, market fluctuations credit uncertainty can have serious consequences. However, capital cheaper, too indebtedne...

In his editorial, Nir Eyal argues that a nudge can exploit our propensity to feel shame in order to steer us toward certain choices. We object that shame is a cost and therefore cannot figure in the apparatus of a nudge.

Job insecurity exerts negative effects on self-reported health. Using the Spanish Survey of Household Finances for 2011–2014, this paper asks whether and to what extent debt burdens enhance these detrimental health effects. To address potential endogeneity problems surrounding question, adopts Deb Trivedi’s (Econometrics Journal, 9, 307–331, 2006) econometric approach. The results show that eff...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between congenital hypothyroidism and several variables using two different adjustment methods. methods: this matched case-control study was conducted in hamadan province, the west of iran, in 2012 enrolling neonates born between 2005 and 2011 and covered by screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. the neonates with t...

Although gratitude is typically conceptualized as a positive emotion, it may also induce socially oriented negative feelings, such indebtedness and guilt. Given its mixed emotional experience, we argue that motivates people to improve themselves in important life domains. Two single-timepoint studies tested the immediate motivational effects of expressing gratitude. We recruited employees (n = ...

Online community administrators are attempting to encourage their users to contribute knowledge and resources in order to provide value to members and ensure sustainability. A large number of online communities fail mainly due to the reluctance of users to share knowledge in them. Many studies on this topic have highlighted the importance of reciprocity for knowledge contribution. However, it i...

Purpose of the Seminar Although in the aide memoir on the Seminar the organisers have indicated the overall objective of the Seminar, I would like to elaborate on that objective as follows: Since Africa's proposal for an international Conference on Africa's External Indebtedness has not yet been accepted by all, and since the debt problem continues to pose really dangerous obstacles to the futu...

Although a great deal of research has tested the longitudinal effects of regularly practicing gratitude, much less attention has been paid to the emotional landscape directly following engagement in gratitude exercises. In three studies, we explored the array of discrete emotions people experience after being prompted to express or recall gratitude. In Studies 1 and 2, two different gratitude e...

 The purpose of this paper is to explore the influential factors on entrepreneurial spirit of wood and paper industries students in two universities, namely Agriculture and natural resources faculty of Tehran University and Shahid Rajaiee teacher training University. A sample of 100 students were selected from a target population of 572 students using the Cochran formula. The respondents ...

Activity in the housing sector is particularly cyclical. The current downturn has many of the usual features: the number of new dwellings being constructed has declined substantially, sales of existing houses are down and the growth rate of housing credit has fallen. In addition to these cyclical features, the housing market continues to be affected by Australia's return to a low-inflation envi...