Price promotions are used extensively in marketing for one simple reason—consumers respond. The sales increase for a brand on promotion could be due to consumers accelerating their purchases (i.e., buying earlier than usual and/or buying more than usual) and/or consumers switching their choice from other brands. Purchase acceleration and brand switching relate to the primary demand and secondar...

To deal with rising city center congestion and its associated pollution, the UK government has proposed a number of policy measures. In particular, the 1998 White Paper indicated that “the bus industry will make an important and cost-effective contribution to tackling congestion and pollution at the local level.” Since the privatization of the bus industry during the 1980s, local government—the...

China began connecting farmers directly with supermarkets 10 years ago, when they were at a disadvantage and forced to sell products low prices, as unstable cooperation among supply chain participants led inequitable distribution of revenue. Revenue-sharing contracts offer risk-sharing approach ensure coordination optimize profit for all. Research on short life cycle revenue-sharing assume stab...

Singapore is the most significant contributor to tourist visits Indonesia, but in 2015-2016, number of from decreased around 1,59 million people 1,51 people. This study aims determine efforts Indonesia's public diplomacy increasing through Wonderful Indonesia as nation branding. research focused on 2016 2019. used a descriptive qualitative method by using data collection techniques form intervi...

A good promotional strategy encompasses advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling in order to communicate with their present and potential consumers (Kotler, 1994). Because they have been shown to have a significant sales impact, sales promotions are majorly employed in businesses. Application of consumer sales promotions in product management requires debate over its...

Consumers who react to a promotional offer might switch from their preferred brand to the promoted brand, they might stockpile the promoted brand, or they might switch and stockpile. We model the implications of such consumer responses for a manufacturer's profit. Conditions under which a profit maximizing manufacturer should promote its product are then inferred from the aggregated response fu...

Over the past five decades, the world has unleashed enormous energy and creativity into improving the lot of the rural poor. Outside India and China, efforts have often drawn inspiration from these two leaders, initially from India and more recently from China. Following the early India model, much of this effort has targeted small rural nonfarm enterprises, on which the landless poor of the de...