promotion of exclusive breastfeeding: teaching good positioning and support from fathers and families     sakkaki m [1] *, khairkhah m [2]     received: 23 aug, 2012 accepted: 21 nov, 2012     abstract   background & aims : breastfeeding has many advantages for both mothers and infants. several factors have negative effect on the duration of breastfeeding, one of them being mode of delivery. ca...

This report presents information from the national linked birth and infant death data set for the birth cohort of 1985, a new National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) resource for studying infant mortality. In the linked tile, birth certificates for infants born in 1985 who died before their first birthday are linked to death certificates for the same infants, thereby making available for a...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS We examined data from a cohort of births that occurred in the period 2004-08 in the SEWA-Rural project area, covering a population of ∼175000, in Gujarat, India, to assess the trends and risk factors for neonatal mortality. RESULTS In this population living in 168 villages, there has been a significant declining trend in infant and neonatal mortality, more marked in the...

The World Health Organization recommends early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour of giving birth). This study assessed the prevalence of timely initiation of breastfeeding by mothers of neonates in Al-Hassa province, Saudi Arabia. Mothers attending for birth registration at primary health care centres were interviewed and various sociodemographic, obstetric and health service related v...

objective: in recent years different hypotheses with respect to the formation of cerebral laterality were proposed. some of the researchers claim that cerebral dominance and laterality are determined by genetic factors, just as the case with eye color and blood type. however, another group states that in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors, too, have a remarkable role in hemisphe...

results out of 617 patients, 79.6% had 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-ohd). in 21-ohd group 94.5% had classical type and 5.5% were non-classic. among the classic type 78% had salt-wasting form (sw) and 22% simple virilizing (sv). both 21-ohd-sv and sw were diagnosed more frequently in females. frequency of other types were as follow: 11-hydroxylase deficiency (11-ohd), 13.3%; 3ß-hydroxysteroid d...

All biological systems functioning in aerobic conditions are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of oxygen metabolites that are highly active in terms of oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, and DNA. ROS has been found to contribute to aging and quite a number of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Thus, reducing...

Background: High rate of repeat cesarean section and its complications are the results of cesarean tsunami in the last two decades in Iran. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is an important alternative for repeat cesarean. However, the rate of VBAC in Iran is very low subject to some organizational and individual barriers. This study explored the clinician’s and women's perceptions of individ...