OBJECTIVE Thiazolidinediones and insulin are associated with a higher risk of fractures in type 2 diabetic patients. Incretin hormones increase bone density in experimental models, but the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on bone fractures has not been reported so far. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A meta-analysis was performed including all randomized clinical trials with a ...

Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be challenging. Patients frequently present with poor glycemic control despite therapy. Other patients may be nonadherent or resistant to continuing their treatment when confronted with undesirable adverse effects, such as weight gain, that are associated with many conventional therapies. Incretin-based therapies developed to treat patients with...

INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal impairment (RI). A systematic literature review was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and RI. METHODS We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (cut-off...

The major metabolic pathway of vildagliptin in mice, rats, dogs, and humans is hydrolysis at the cyano group to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7 (LAY151), whereas the major metabolic enzyme of vildagliptin has not been identified. In the present study, we determined the contribution rate of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in the liver. We performed hyd...

INTRODUCTION Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor targeting the incretin system to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and use of oral vildagliptin in special populations. Clinical efficacy and vildagliptin's role in the spectrum of therapeutics available are briefly addressed. EXPERT OPINION...

BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this triple therapy and the characteristics of rapid responders and hypoglycemia-prone patients. METHODS We included 807 patients with type 2 diabetes who we...

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs enabling effective glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite DPP-4 inhibitors' advantages, the patients' therapeutic response varies. In this retrospective cohort study, 171 Taiwanese patients with T2D were classified as sensitive or resistant to treatment based on the mean change in HbA1c levels. Using an assu...