OBJECTIVE To obtain a representative national picture of the type of people with asthma attending accident and emergency (A&E) departments in the UK, the reasons why they attend, and to determine the proportion admitted to hospital. DESIGN A national census involving questionnaires. SETTING 100 A&E departments throughout the UK. SUBJECTS All those with asthma attending because of asthma d...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of patient's reasons for encounter is useful to inform health service planning and health professional education. Our aim was to describe reasons for encounter as stated by an unselected group of young people attending primary care practices in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. METHODS Consecutive patients aged between 15 and 24 years were recruited as part of the ...

Health professionals' personal health behaviors have been found to be associated with their practices with patients in areas such as smoking, physical activity and weight management, but little is known in relation to alcohol use. This review has two related strands and aims to: (1) examine health professionals' alcohol-related health promotion practices; and (2) explore the relationship betwee...

Statistically speaking, Malawi has achieved the World Health Organisation's target for the elimination of leprosy (<1 case per 10 000 people), yet the disease is still considered a leading cause of long term physical disability. In this case study the authors discuss the presentation of a 39-year-old gentleman to a district hospital in Malawi with multibacillary, lepromatous leprosy. The condit...

Background: In recent years, professional ethics has effect on the activity, individual and group performance and organizational results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and organizational commitment. Methods: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population includes 50 em...

This paper surveys the markets for financial transmission rights (FTRs) around the world. FTRs are used to hedge the costs associated with transmission congestion. Currently these rights are in use in PJM, New York and New England. A variant of financial transmission rights, which has both a physical and a financial aspect, was introduced in California in 2000. Similarly, flowgates were introdu...

OBJECTIVE To develop a tool for evaluating the appropriateness of acute hospital admissions in Hong Kong and test its reliability. DESIGN The tool was based on the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol and consensus of local Emergency Medicine specialists. Reliability was tested through retrospective chart review. SETTING Tertiary teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Seventy-five randomly...

BACKGROUND Regular physical activity practice has been widely recommended for promoting health, but the physical activity levels remain low in the population. Therefore, the study of interventions to promote physical activity is essential. OBJECTIVE To present the methodology of two physical activity interventions from the "Ambiente Ativo" ("Active Environment") project. METHODS 12-month no...

Ru is considered as an effective active species for N2O decomposition; however, there is disagreement about which ruthenium species is key for catalytic activity. In order to understand the role of Ru species in N2O decomposition, Ru/Al2O3 (Ru/Al2O3-H2, Ru/Al2O3-NaBH4, Ru/Al2O3-air) catalysts with different ratios of metallic Ru were prepared and evaluated for their catalytic activities. Variou...

the main goals of current essay are explanation and analysis of modern-postmodern contentions to do determining the role of philosopher of education for the purpose of evolution in education. the method is critical philosophical discovery with two main lines of rational and emancipatory approaches. although there are important contentions between modern and postmodern thoughts the inquiry indic...