In this research, a Brønsted acidic ionic liquid namely N1,N1,N2,N2-tetramethyl-N1,N2-bis(sulfo)ethane-1,2-diaminium chloride {[TMBSED][Cl]2} was employed as a highly efficient catalyst for the solvent-free production of some nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds including: (i) polyhydroquinolines (from arylaldehydes, dimedone, β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate), (ii) 3,4-dihyd...

Two highly efficient protocols for the production of bis-coumarins under solvent-free conditions have been introduced. The reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) using phthalimide-N-sulfonic acid (PhtSA) or isatin-N-sulfonic acid (IsSA), as solid-acid catalysts, afforded the mentioned compounds with good to excellent yields in short times.Briefly, we have introduced tw...

introduction: free radicals are molecules or atoms with single electron that results in reactions thus causing severe damages to the body’s macromolecules. by preventing the formation of free radicals, repairing damages caused by radical’s activities, increasing the excretion of the damaged molecules and minimizing the cellular mutation, the antioxidant defense system contrasts the damages caus...

abstract level of groundwater is decreased which is mainly because, withdrawal of groundwater is increased, because of lack of right management. economics of rural based farming and farming is dependent of water so decreasing of groundwater effects social welfare. in this study decrease of welfare measure by reason of reduction of groundwater level considered. this study investigated the impact...

As oxygen negatively affects most production processes in the metalworking industry, a truly oxygen-free environment appears attractive terms of resulting material and component properties. This overview summarizes research conducted within Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1368. The objectives this CRC are twofold. First, fundamental understanding mechanisms that govern interaction between m...