Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a significant challenge to sustainable seafood production which difficult address in traditional governance systems. Recently, the U.S. has implemented Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) combat IUU fraud by requiring chain-of-custody documentation of 13 species when imported This will exclude from market. If market power due large impo...

Krugman (1979) brought the study of varieties into sharp focus by presenting a simple generalequilibrium model in which countries gain from trade through the import of new varieties. Since then, economists have been hampered in their ability to quantify the impact of new varieties on national welfare by the econometric and data hurdles that need to be surmounted. In this paper, we document some...

With the help of a standard 2 × 2 trade model, we develop several hypotheses on the effects of cross-border sourcing on skill intensity in production. The focus is on cross-border sourcing of low-skill-intensive components of exports and import-competing products. We test the aforementioned hypotheses with panel data for manufacturing in the European Union (EU). We find that outward processing ...

The rapid development of the global aluminum industry has led to a considerably increasing consumption of bauxite, from which alumina is mostly produced. Many aluminum producing countries including China have to import bauxite to keep the growth of native industry due to the low quality of bauxite. The costs of alumina production as well as the other aluminum-related products are correspondingl...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Zinc levels in normal human prostate 4. Zinc import into prostate cells 4.1. Zinc uptake transporters 4.2. Zinc import into mitochondria 5. Effects of zinc accumulation on prostate cells 5.1. Zinc and net citrate production 5.2. Zinc and terminal oxidation 5.3. Zinc effects on mitochondrial apoptogenesis 5.4. The effect of zinc on the bioenergetics of the prostate...

We examined the physiological significance of the nuclear versus cytosolic localization of the MAPK Hog1p in the ability of yeast cells to cope with osmotic and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress. Our results indicate that nuclear import of Hog1p is not critical for osmoadaptation. Plasma membrane-anchored Hog1p is still able to induce increased expression of GPD1 and glycerol accumulation. This...

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants [1, 2]. The chloroplast proteome comprises ∼3,000 different proteins, including components of the photosynthetic apparatus, which are highly abundant. Most chloroplast proteins are nucleus-encoded and imported following synthesis in the cytosol. Such import is mediated by multiprotein complexes in the envelope membranes th...

Today, many governments are considering the exploration and production of unconventional resources, shale gas in particular, for reasons of security of supply and reduction of import dependency. Large-scale development of these resources promises to significantly lower import dependency of gas supply of many countries. Whether the promise will be met remains uncertain though, not only because o...

5-Lipoxygenase catalyzes the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. This enzyme can reside either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus; its subcellular distribution is influenced by extracellular factors, and its nuclear import correlates with changes in leukotriene synthetic capacity. To identify sequences responsible for the nuclear import of 5-lipoxygenase, we transfected NIH 3T3 cells ...