It is necessary to assess a product's sustainability from both environmental and social perspectives. However, combined performance assessments have not been given enough attention. This paper presents Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (E-LCA) Social (S-LCA) of an industrial LED luminaire through its life cycle. The LCA screening studies were conducted in line with ISO 14044 United Nations Gu...

Pressure of emergent countries, policy makers and industrial companies’ interests are pushing European companies towards a high consideration of whole product life cycle. Designers and systems engineers are the main actors involved, due to their high influence on product life cycle costs and environmental impacts since early design phase. The aim of the paper is to propose an integrated, struct...

For firms remanufacturing their products, the total life-cycle costs and revenues from new and remanufactured products determine their profitability. In many firms, manufacturing/sales and remanufacturing/remarketing operations are carried out in different divisions. Each division is responsible for only part of the product’s life cycle. Practices regarding transfer pricing across divisions var...