Background: Humans, rodents and sandflies have role in transmitted cycle of cutaneous leishmaniasis. To control the disease, promoting the environment, killing the rodent and poisoning the vectors are recommended, individually all over the world. Since, there is no effective vaccine against this disease, the integration of methods is considerable. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of integrat...

This paper mainly addresses the integration of engineering processes of enterprises performing collaborative product development in the form of virtual enterprise. The virtual enterprise support system with three-tier architecture is proposed first. The workflow process modelling and execution services are located in the business tier as service components. The implementation of information int...

Organizations increasingly adopt ecological product design techniques to lessen their harmful impacts on the natural environment. Theory about ecological product design remains in an early stage of development though. The present study focuses on organizational integration capabilities and their conceptual relation to ecological product design, such that they can be redeployed, expanded, and le...

The paper presents modeling and analysis of product design and product portfolio management (PD–PM) domains interaction using an integrated simulation–optimization model. To represent the interactions, the product design phase is modeled as a discrete-scenario static system. The goal of this work is to develop a decision support framework that relies on product design–product portfolio manageme...

Research on the impact of supplier integration on new product development has yet to be empirically verified. This study aims to explore what contingent factors influence supplier integration and how such integration affects new product performance using a contingency approach. The study uses structural equation modelling to analyze data from 251 manufacturers. We found that product newness, en...

This paper examines the effects of selected macroeconomic variables on the stock market index in Iran. Using quarterly data, we examine the relationships between the Tehran Stock Index (TSI) and five macroeconomic variables which consist of gross domestic product, nominal effective exchange rate, money supply, gold coin price and investment in housing sector from 1996:1 to 2008:1.Various e...

The choice of suitable robots in manufacturing, to improve product quality and to increase productivity, is a complicated decision due to the increase in robot manufacturers and configurations. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to choose among alternatives, differently assessed by decision makers on different criteria, to make the final evaluation for decision-making. The approach i...