Since Marshall, the standard approach to developing a theory of competitive markets is to separate demand behavior (“consumer theory”) from supply behavior (“producer theory”) and then use the notion of market equilibrium to reconcile demand and supply. This note studies producer theory and a separate one studies consumer theory. The standard model has the following features. Firms are describe...

Global models of agricultural trade have a long and distinguished history. The introduction of the GTAP data base and modeling project represented a significant advance forward as it put modelers and trade policy analysts on common ground. After an initial generation of GTAP based modeling of agricultural trade policy using the standard modeling framework, individual researchers have begun intr...

Rotational grazing studies have produced mixed results related to animal performance (weight gain), which has contributed producer uncertainty regarding management decisions. To enhance decision-support for producers, we improved algorithms in the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model better represent cattle weight gain real-world rangeland conditions under two strategies. Sim...

We study the value of multi-stage advance demand information (MADI) in a production system in which customers place an order in advance of their actual need, and each order goes through multiple stages before it becomes due. Any order which is not immediately …lled at its due date will be backordered. The producer must decide whether to produce or not based on real-time information regarding cu...

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) systems have been criticized to provide little incentive for producers eco-design. To this end, an scheme, called eco-modulation, based on modulated product fees according their level of eco-design has recently introduced. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis the introduction scheme as part collective EPR system in WEEE sector France and discusses ...

concerns regarding the trans-pacific partnership (tpp) have raised awareness about the negative public health impacts of trade and investment agreements. in the past decade, we have learned much about the implications of trade agreements for public health: reduced equity in access to health services; increased flows of unhealthy commodities; limits on access to medicines; and constrained policy...

the aim of this research is consider the importance of decision maker level of analysis in the study of foreign policy. this capability created by the regard to the role of man in foreign policy and international relations theories. however, the main research question is whether the decision maker level of analysis will be the theoretical support for the analysis of foreign policy and what are ...