Previous studies demonstrate statistically significant associations between disease and climate variations, highlighting the potential for developing climate-based epidemic early warning systems. However, limitations include failure to allow for non-climatic confounding factors, limited geographical/temporal resolution, or lack of evaluation of predictive validity. Here, we consider such issues...

in this paper at rst, a history of mathematical models is given.next, some basic information about random variables, stochastic processesand markov chains is introduced. as follows, the entropy for a discrete timemarkov process is mentioned. after that, the entropy for sis stochastic modelsis computed, and it is proved that an epidemic will be disappeared after a longtime.

background: fascioliasis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in iran and other parts of the world. although the largest epidemic of this disease has occurred in northern provinces of iran (guilan) during the past two decades and a few cases have also been reported in tehran and the other provinces, there has been no evidence of its’ occurrence in western provinces of iran such as kerman...

Traditional routing mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks fail when disconnection is frequent and when the network gets temporarily partitioned. The alternative approach for message delivery is flooding, which, however, comes with large transmission overheads. Gossip-based communication and epidemic-style routing algorithms have been proposed to achieve scalability in distributed systems and to...

examination malpractice is any act carried out by anybody that defies the rules that guides a student whose knowledge or ability is being tested in a particular knowledge or skill with the aim of distorting the student’s true knowledge or ability. this article employs three classical major sociological perspectives in analyzing examination malpractice in nigerian universities. the structural-fu...

background: following the outbreak of eltor cholera in iraq’s kurdistan, iran was threatened through the western border. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the health system response of marivan city in kurdistan province (iran) as a risky gateway for the outbreak of eltor cholera epidemic in iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was implemented in marivan ...

In this paper we propose a probabilistic approach to synthesize an agent-based heterogeneous population interaction model to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of an air-born epidemic, such as influenza, in a metropolitan area. The methodology is generic in nature and can generate a baseline population for cities for which detailed population summary tables are not available. The joint probabil...

In this paper we consider the problem of routing in intermittently connected networks. In such networks there is no guarantee that a fully connected path between source and destination exists at any time, rendering traditional routing protocols unable to deliver messages between hosts. There do however exist a number of scenarios where connectivity is intermittent, but where the possibility of ...

Memory forwarding is an effective way to dynamically optimize the data layout. It provides a safe way to improve the performance of cache by actively creating better data locality. The existing memory forwarding mechanism needs additional hardware support to perform the address redirection, which greatly limits its real application. To put the memory forwarding technique into widely practice, w...

Dr. J. F. J. Sykes, in his interesting " Public Health Problems pointed out that in the ancient world, flight was the only resort in the presence of epidemic disease, and that to this fact may be ascribed the depopulation, ruin, and disappearance of many cities of antiquity. Approaching more modern times, the spirit of combating rather than fleeling from infection appeared, and it assumed the f...