agricultural experts in the field of biotechnology in iran were surveyed in order to explore theirperception about factors affecting the partnership between public and private sector indeveloping agricultural biotechnology. the research population included agriculturalbiotechnology experts in the public and private sectors (n=66). a series of in-depth interviewswere conducted with some biotechn...

in this paper, we analyze the effect of lack of capital investment on energy projects using game theory in the guise of cooperative games. we focus on the energy projects in the provincial level as case study during 2010-2011. therefore, we design a theoretical model of the lack of capital investment as a factor influencing the implement of energy projects. in the experimental section, we deter...

Policy reforms outside agriculture in the early 1990s accelerated growth in per capita incomes and food demand and also improved the terms of trade for the agriculture. Agricultural policies and institutions, traditionally focused on achieving food grain self sufficiency within a closed economy, have, however, been slow to adapt to a new environment of diversifying demand, more open markets, an...

There is widespread acceptance that the absence or presence of infrastructure and services in rural areas can lead to cycles of decline or resilience in these localities. It is also accepted that in remoter areas, population sparsity leads to a higher unit cost for delivery of services and infrastructure, and that private sector providers do not find such areas attractive for investment. At the...

What Do Unions Do for Economic Performance? Twenty years have passed since Freeman and Medoff's What Do Unions Do? This essay assesses their analysis of how unions in the U.S. private sector affect economic performance productivity, profitability, investment, and growth. Freeman and Medoff are clearly correct that union productivity effects vary substantially across workplaces. Their conclusion...

Investment in new large transportation infrastructure is capital-intensive and irreversible in nature. Private sector participation in infrastructure investment has gained popularity in recent times because of scarcity of resources at the public sector, and because of the ability of the private sector to build, operate, maintain such facilities, and share future uncertainties. In such cases, th...

Any national strategy to achieve the Millennium Development Goals needs to include a clear framework for private sector growth. Many of the public investment strategies outlined in the previous chapters are essential for an efficient and dynamic private sector. For their own part, private enterprises can contribute directly to the Goals through core pursuits such as increasing productivity and ...