nowadays, by successful application of on time production concept in other concepts like production management and storage, the need to complete the processing of jobs in their delivery time is considered a key issue in industrial environments. unrelated parallel machines scheduling is a general mood of classic problems of parallel machines. in some of the applications of unrelated parallel mac...

The evolution of the writing machine from early eighteenth-century concepts to the modern electronic typewriter represents a rich history of innovative efforts by many individuals in several countries. This paper briefly highlights several significant early milestones and then draws particular attention to typewriter developments within the IBM Corporation. After entering the typewriter busines...

3D printing known as additive manufacturing (AM) has been applied for applications in different fields such as aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy industries. It is the fact that 3D printing has gained a very wide acceptance over the last decade. However, several significant hurdles prevent its wider adoption. One of the most important barriers is the quality of the printed parts. Cur...

The purpose of this study is to document current cost-estimating practices used in commercial digital printing. A research study was conducted to determine the use of cost-estimating in commercial digital printing companies. This study answers the questions: 1) What methods are currently being used to estimate digital printing? 2) What is the relationship between estimating and pricing digital ...

Organic electronic devices fabricated by entirely wet processes using organic semiconductors, insulators, metal nanoparticles, etc., have been attracting much attention. In particular, by utilizing printing techniques on plastic substrates, flexible electronic devices of large area and low-cost will be attained. However, conventional printing techniques such as flexo printing, screen printing a...

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BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) printing has numerous applications and has gained much interest in the medical world. The constantly improving quality of 3D-printing applications has contributed to their increased use on patients. This paper summarizes the literature on surgical 3D-printing applications used on patients, with a focus on reported clinical and economic outcomes. METHODS Three...

The era of affordable 3D printing is clearly underway; indeed, the historical patterns of growth in 3D printing are, in many ways, strikingly similar to those associated with the growth of home computing in the late 1970’s. One of the prominent areas of increased interest in 3Dprinting is in the realmof education: fabrication tools are becoming available to college undergraduates and high schoo...

Cell printing is an emerging technique for use in tissue engineering and bio-manufacturing. The essential idea is to deliver living cells to target positions using droplets generated via various mechanisms including thermoor piezo-jetting, laser-guided direct write technique, and others (Boland et al. 2006; Ringeisen et al. 2006; Calvert 2007). By taking advantage of the intrinsic properties of...

In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a nu...