Birth weight wass a significant indicator for birth. According to Taylor and Ward, fetal is the single most important factor in determining safety. Fetal assessment technique done by abdominal palpation. The tool commonly used measured Fundal uterine of pregnant women interpret with Johnson Toshach formula was metline centimeter scale. Pusposeof study create simple that can facilitate health wo...

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different birth balls used at first stage labor on fetal head descent, pain intensity, and maternal satisfaction.
 Methods: a single-blind, randomized controlled experimental design. It was conducted with 180 primipara women in maternity hospital Erzurum, Turkey between October 2018 December 2019. Women were into 3 groups: A=Con...