introduction: cloacal malformation is an extremely rare fetal pathological condition but an important anomaly that presents as a variety of defects. it predominantly affects females, with prevalence of 1 in 50,000 births. prenatal ultrasonography usually showed oligohydramnios and the fetus having a large cystic mass in the lower abdomen with a single septum, bilateral hydronephrosis, ambiguous...

This paper reviews the recent theoretical literature that analyses the European Union’s policy to eliminate preferential corporate tax regimes and the proposal to introduce a consolidated EU tax base with formula apportionment for the taxation of multinational firms. Since neither proposal includes a harmonisation of corporate tax rates, a core issue is how tax competition between member states...

Few studies have examined the role of players in game design. The objective of this paper is to provide some clarity on the issue of player-centred design by analysing the notions on player in current game design literature. This research also discusses the potentials a multifaceted approach on players can offer for the design of games. The article starts by analysing different approaches on pl...

Abstract Village cadres are important agents for the state yet disciplining them has been difficult. There few disciplinary tools that can easily hold to account. Prior 2018, Party discipline did not apply non-Party cadres. Legislation was ambiguous in relation these grassroots and had rely heavily on legal interpretation. The impact of cadre evaluation system village cadres, who considered be ...

Casual observation suggests that Internet media firms sometimes allow consumers to pay to remove advertisements from a free advertisement-based product. In this paper I characterize when this business model is optimal and analyze its impact on advertising quantity and the distribution of surplus. The optimality of the business model depends on the relation between product quality, the annoyance...

The relationship between trade unions and the unemployed is complex and, to some extent, ambiguous. The article first presents the main features of such a relationship, synthesising evidence from various cases (historical and contemporary). Then, using a Marxist dialectical approach, it looks at the features that characterise trade unions in order to explain why they act as they do towards the ...

Crisp input and output data are fundamentally indispensable in traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA). However, the real-world problems often deal with imprecise or ambiguous data. In this paper, we propose a novel robust data envelopment model (RDEA) to investigate the efficiencies of decision-making units (DMU) when there are discrete uncertain input and output data. The method is based ...

Background: X-linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia (XLAG) is a recently described genetic disorder, in which patients present with lissencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, refractory epilepsy of neonatal onset, acquired microcephaly, and male genotype with ambiguous genitalia. XLAG is responsible for a severe neurological disorder of neonatal onset in boys. A gyration defect con...