Outcome Number of studies Odds ratio Confidence interval (95% confidence level) Reduction in Needle Sharing 6 3.22 2.17-4.77 Needle and Syringe Programs (NSPs) are interventions that provide drug preparation and injection equipment to injection drug users to decrease equipment sharing, and consequently, HIV transmission risk. Drug equipment may include needles, syringes, and other ancillary mat...

The transtheoretical model posits that health behavior change involves progress through six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Ten processes of change have been identified for producing progress along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptations. Basic research has generated a rule of thumb for at-risk populations: 40...

Cancer prevention postdoctoral fellowships have existed since the 1970s. The National Cancer Institute facilitated a meeting by a panel of experts in April 2013 to consider four important topics for future directions for cancer prevention postdoctoral training programs: (i) future research needs; (ii) underrepresented disciplines; (iii) curriculum; and (iv) career preparation. Panelists proffer...

BACKGROUND Successful cecal intubation (SCI) is not only a quality indicator but also an important marker in a colonoscopy trainee's progress. We conducted this study to determine factors predicting SCI in colonoscopy trainees, and to compare these factors before and after trainees achieve technical competence. METHODS Design of this study was a cross-sectional studies of two time series desi...

The goal of residency programs is to provide an educational venue with graduated responsibility and increasing levels of independence as preparation for entering the unsupervised practice of medicine. Surgical programs are required to both cultivate and convey skills pursuant to three fundamental domains: a sufficient fund of knowledge, technical competence in surgical procedures, and a degree ...

Published evaluations of career preparation of alumni from long-standing postdoctoral fellowship programs in the biomedical sciences are limited and often focus on quantitative analysis of data from extant publicly available sources. Qualitative methods provide the opportunity to gather robust information about specific program elements from structured postdoctoral training programs and the inf...

This research aimed to probe into the implementation of Daurah Mukatssafah program. As in introductory lens, mastery Arabic language competence is primary basis for students taking study programs at tertiary institutions with as instruction, both Arab countries and abroad. Meanwhile, not all have sufficient basic skills an initial state understand materials presented classroom. a solution, seve...

BACKGROUND Including children in food preparation activities has long been recommended as a method to encourage children's consumption, but has not been evaluated. Goal setting is also a common component of behavior change programs. This study assessed the impact of attaining goals to prepare fruit-juice or vegetable recipes on student fruit and vegetable consumption as part of a 10-week fruit ...

chemotherapy medication errors may lead to potentially harmful consequences while most of them could be preventable. this study aims to determine the incidence and type of drug handling and administration errors among the nurses and to identify possible contributing factors. setting of the study was a teaching hospital affiliated to shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran. ...

COVID-19 profoundly affected teacher preparation during the 2019-20 school year. Based on survey responses from nearly all Washington state education programs (TEPs), Kathryn Choate, Dan Goldhaber, and Roddy Theobald find that pandemic had predictable but concerning effects preparation. Most notably, student-teaching requirements were greatly reduced or waived completely for many candidates. Su...