Use of jet cavitation, however, occurs through an exit nozzle whose diameter can be changed, thereby changing volume with changing velocity. The results of such a change is shown to tie cavitation damage more powerfully to volume flow than to velocity. A specific example is in cavitation erosion of a high strength igneous rock which remained virtually undamaged at 70 MPa driving pressure but wa...

Planar laser-induced fluorescence visualisation isused to investigate nonuniformities in the flow of a hyper-sonic conical nozzle. Possible causes for the nonuniformityare outlined and investigated, and the problem is shown to bedue to a small step at the nozzle throat. Entrainment of coldboundary layer gas is postulated as the cause of the signalnonuniformity.

This paper describes the experimental study of the noise generating characteristics of high-temperature, shock-containing jets emanating from conic-section, converging-diverging (C-D) nozzles. Conic C-D nozzles consist of two conic sections, one contracting and the other expanding, joined to form a supersonic nozzle with a very sharp radius of curvature at the nozzle throat. An experiment is co...

In Pelton turbine, the energy carried by water is converted into kinetic energy by providing nozzle at the end of penstock. The shape of jet affects the force and torque on the bucket and runner of turbine. The nozzle of circular cross section is commonly used. In this paper attempt has been made to study the effect of four different jet shapes on the flow and torque characteristics of Pelton t...

In the present work, the influence of a very early pilot injection on pollutant formation was investigated in a Common-Rail DI Diesel engine. The engine was operated at conventional part-load conditions at 2000 rpm, an EGR variation was done and the injected fuel mass was 15 mm^3/cycle. The Nozzle type were conical and flow optimized geometries (ks nozzle) with hole diameters of 0.141 mm, lengt...

This paper studies the impact of installing noise-suppressing deflector vanes in the bypass flow on the aerodynamic performance of the dual-stream supersonic nozzle of a turbofan engine by using a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computer program. A series of nozzle configurations using a single pair or double pairs of vanes with NACA0012, NACA4412, and NACA7514 airfoil profile...

Clogging of the tundish nozzle is a major castability problem in continuous casting of steel for several reasons. Firstly, clogging increases the frequency of operation disruptions to change nozzles or tundishes or even to stop casting. These extra transitions increase operating cost, decrease productivity, and lower quality. Secondly, clogging can lead directly to a variety of quality problems...

Pulsating cone-jets occur in a variety of electrostatic spraying and printing systems. This paper reports an experimental study of the pulsation frequency to reconcile two models based on a choked jet and an oscillating cone, respectively. The two regimes are demarcated by the ratio of the supplied flow rate (Qs) to the minimum flow rate (Qm) required for a steady Taylor cone-jet. When Qs . Qm,...